culture and identity case studies

·       Willis (1977) – ‘Learning to Labour’ and w/c white male subculture of resistance

·       Hall & Jefferson (1976) – Teddy Boys/Mods etc

·       ‘Feral children’ – Madina, Russia (2013), Sijit Kumar, Fiji (1978), Maria Chapman, Columbia (1959)

·       Willis (1977) – Neo-Marxist: masculinity key to w/c identity – ‘real men’

·       Charlesworth (2000) – traditional w/c study, Rotherham – language = swearing/insults as terms of friendship

·       Jackson (2006) – research into 13-14 yr old girls = ‘ladette’ culture - boisterous/assertive/crude anti school

·       Willis (1977) – ‘Learning to Labour’ – ‘lads’ – pursued sex, dropped girls after for being ‘loose’ etc

·       Mead (1935) – research in 3 New Guinea tribes – ‘masc’ & ‘fem’ = cultural conditioning, Tchambili tribe = patriarchal roles reversed

·       Roffee & Waling (2016) – ‘Rethinking Microaggression and Antisocial Behaviour Against LGBTIQ+ Youth’: 16 qualitative interviews/Australian uni students - internal community microaggressions: assumption of language, ‘passing’ privilege, hyper-sexuality/body image issues (men), fetishing ethnic minorities, judging experiences on severity (gatekeeping), transphobia/biphobia

·       The Guardian (2017) – Islamophobia post Manchester Arena attack – Mosque in Oldham hit with firebomb, 224 reports of crimes month after attack

·       Tell MAMA (2015) – crime in London – women primary targets, 816 crimes up to 12 months up to July, 70% rise (Met stats)

·       Ford & Goodwin – ‘Britain After Brexit: A Nation Divided’: nationalism, negative identities, and intolerance among white, working class, low educated – left behind by mainstream politics, afraid of change – turn to UKIP etc, vote Leave (youth, urban, educated = Remain, global citizens)

·       Employment Equality Regulations (2006) & Equality Act (2010) – outlaw age discrimination in and out of workplace

·       Doherty (2009) – study of workforces (bus drivers, council clerics, bank staff, supermarket staff) – disputes ‘end of work’ thesis – work still secure – long term employment increasing – changes caused by lack of not nature of work. part time work not insecure (balancing work/family/education) – different experiences/expectations – upskilling – high satisfaction incl. ‘shelf stackers’ – socialising

·       Riach & Loretto (2009) – study – older workers, disability, unemployment – importance of work re self-esteem – termination = disruption of lives/outlook – loss of friends, routine, employer rejection – crisis of confidence – ID questioned – older = lengths to maintain work ID – community projects, getting up early – still needed