Child Language Revision

(1) Introduction

- Identify the stage the child is in: either spoken or Barclay/Kroll's written stages

- Context: Mode/Field/Function/Audience

(2) Lexis

(3) Morphology & Grammar

(4) Phonology (is spoken) /Orthography & Graphology (if written)

(5) Syntax

(6) Social interaction + Significant Others

- Make sure to mention how the environment of the child impacts their language development. Include theorists such as; Chomsky, Skinner, Vygotsky, Bruner etc.

12-18 months:One Word Stage- child utters single words

12-18 months: Holophrastic Stage- one word that takes on mutliple meanings e.g. juice

18 months+: Two Word Stage- child uses 2 word utterances, that are often in a grammatically correct sequence, even though they omit words:

Verb + object (drink juice) : subject + object (Lucy juice) : subject + compliment (Lucy happy)

18-36 months: Telegraphic Stage- 3-4 word utterances, more grammatically correct even though they omit articles, auxilaries etc. This stage is where the child learns rapidly, so they may learn how to use determiners, inflectional affixation etc. at this period. Still often unable to use passive voice though.

36 months+: Post-telegraphic Stage- sentences with multiple clauses and grammar used in more complex ways. Can also sustain conversation.

Preparatory Stage- Child masters the phsyical skills and basic principles if spelling (0-6 years)

Consolidation Stage- Child writes as they speak and uses simple conjunctions to join sentences together e.g. 'and' and 'but'. Uses majority short, declarative sentences. May use incomplete sentences (6-8 years)

Differentiation Stage- Child knows the difference between spoken and written language. Also recognises the different writing styles (letter, essay etc) Use more comple grammatical structures, complex sentences, styles (8-midteen)

Integration Stage- Child develops a personal style + comprehends that you can change your writing style according to audience and function (midteen onwards) 

• Scribbling: random marks on the page, writing and scribbles are accompanied by speech

• Mock Handwriting: Writings/drawings.Produces wavy lines that demonstrate linearity

• Mock Letters: letters become separate things (phonemes are not attached to these yet)

• Conventional Letters: Writing name as first word. Letters writing on page, read/associated with a word

• Invented Spelling: Child spells words in the way they comprehend it should be spelt

• Appropriate/Phonetic Spelling: Child attaches words with phonemes + sentences become more complex as they are aware of standard spelling patterns

• Correct Spelling: Spell most words accurately