biology wjec year 11

DNA is shaped as a double helix or a twisted ladder the two strands are made from sugar phosphate and are connected by bases, there are four different types of bases, adenine which pairs up with thymine  and cytosine which pairs with guanine. Every three bases form a code for an amino acid, these amino acids join together to make a protein know as protein synthesis.

What is it? Taking genes from one cell and putting it in a completly diffrent cell. Doing this will give us a better suply of useful products at a lower cost. 

The genes controlling these products are useually put into bacteria cells, the genes then tell the bacteria what to do. Bacteria reproduce fast so this means the product will be made much faster than the original cell

Human insulin

For diabetes we used to use insulin from cattle or pigs. this is not the same as human insulin and could produce side effects. with genetic engeneering bacteria are used o make human insulin