Absolute zero

—> at 373.15 K

• Boiling water
• thermal energy >> 0
• molecules have a velocity and can cause vaporisation

—> at 273.15 K

• Frozen water
• thermal energy > 0
• molecules have no velocity but can still vibrate

—> at 0 K

• Absolute zero
• thermal energy = 0
• absolute zero is the lowest achievable temperature in the universe
• all motion has virtually stopped

—> when looking at the equation pV = nRT, R and n for a specific gas will be constant

pV = T

—> meaning the graph of pV against T should be a straight line through the origin

—> the gradient of the graph is a straight line which represents a constant value

—> at any point along the x and y axis, the gradient will be the same

pV/T = constant

—> if the above is true then the following equation is also true

p1V1 / T1 = p2V2 / T2