3.3.c Makoko, Lagos & New York City
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- Created by: lee8444
- Created on: 03-02-20 15:40
Place characteristics
Makoko, Lagos
- Largest City in Nigeria
- Financial capital for Africa
- 21 million inhabitants
- Conurbation
- Largest slum, 86,000 slum houses with 30,000 on stilts
NYC
- 303,000 square miles
- 8.6 million people
- 5 boroughs - Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx, Staten Island & Queens
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Evidence of Social Inequality in Makoko (1)
Housing
- Dozens of slums destroyed by the government to build a waterfront
- Rapid urbanisation has led to cramped conditions
- 10,000 tonnes of waste per day
- Over 50% below the poverty line
- 85% Rent, not own
Environmental Quality
- Rotting waste pollutes the water
- Unregulated vehicles have awful emissions
- Workers and kids easily become sick
Crime Rates
- Very little government support
- 'Area boys' try to stop and prevent crime - volunteers
- Deprived
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Evidence of Social Inequality in Makoko (2)
Education
- Too many children
- Lack of access to schools
- Small schools were easily destroyed by storm events
- thousands want to go to school but are unable to
Healthcare
- The river is used for toilets and rubbish
- Too many people to have appropriate, effective healthcare services
- Toxic fumes from waste
- Generators are bad for health
- Illness due to pollution
- 2% have access to clean water
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Evidence of Social Inequality in NYC (1)
Housing
- The median price for an apartment in Manhatten is $1 million
- Limited housing for space so areas are built up vertically
Environmental quality
- 28% of taxis are hybrid
- 200,000 cyclists every day
- Multiple green energy offices
- Aiming for an 80% decrease in emissions by 2050
Crime rates
- 35,000 police officers
- Violent crime has decreased by 75% since the '90s
- 3.9 murders per 100,000
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Evidence of Social Inequality in NYC (2)
Education
- 1,700 schools
- 1.1 million students
Healthcare
- Expensive but available to everyone
- 1.4 million patients yearly
- $6.7 billion in revenue yearly
- 61 hospitals
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Factors influencing social inequality in Makoko (1
Income Variation
- The main income is fishing
- Primary sector jobs
- Lack of access to skills for better jobs
Access and quality of healthcare variation
- Nearest healthcare available is in Lagos
- Far and expensive for transport
- Healthcare is often not affordable
Variation of access and quality of education
- Tried to make schools on stilts but storms easily wiped out the weak schools
- Many cannot access education
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Factors influencing social inequality in Makoko (2
How do demographic factors influence social inequality
- White, American expats take the highly skilled jobs
- Poor locals are left behind without skills
- Possible racism
Variation of technology
- Banana Island has strong, stable electricity paid for by the government
- Makoko has to use old, unstable, dangerous and polluting generators which make many of Makoko's inhabitants unwell
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Factors influencing social inequality in NYC (1)
Income variation
- Gini coefficient of 0.6 in Manhattan
- Average salary is $140,000
- 103 billionaires
- 4.6% are millionaires
Access and quality of healthcare variation
- Health insurance can be expensive
- Everyone has access to healthcare
- Hospitals are never too far away
Variation and quality of education
- Everyone has access to education
- Special schools with access to specif skill training
- Universities such as New York University
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Factors influencing social inequality in NYC (2)
How do demographic factors influence social inequality
- 44% White
- 25.5% Black
- 12.7% Asian
- White people in NYC have a slightly higher median salary within Manhattan
Variation of technology
- Extremely advanced technology is available to anybody with the money to pay for it
- Stable and strong electricity across the whole of NYC
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How social inequality affects people's day to day
Work-life
- Most have low-paying primary jobs such as fishing
- often hard work
- Often long hours
- Expats work tertiary jobs with fewer hours for more money
Social hours
- Discrimination, often against black people in poverty
- White Americans have secure private roads
- Makoko inhabitants have slum housing on stilts with no security causing unsafe living environments for families
Family life
- Parents are often away working long hours
- Children aren't at school and so they are stuck in the cycle of deprivation
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How social inequality affects people's day to day
Work-life
- Lower-income people may have to commute from further away as the accommodation is cheaper, however, they spend more money and time on public transport than those earning larger salaries
- The richest are able to live in Central Manhattan saving them time and money from transport
Social life
- Still dirty air due to pollution by the millions of vehicles
- This can have large impacts on quality of life
- Not many parks due to urbanisation
Family life
- The amount of crime can scare young families deterring them from migrating to New York City
- This is particularly common in young families
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