1906-14
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- Created by: tombarlowwww
- Created on: 14-06-17 14:49
General election 1906
Liberals 400 seats
Conservatives 157
Conservatives weakened:
- boer war - caused moral panic and costs of war
- 1902 education- people didnt want to pay for other schools
- 1904 licensing - closed pub hours
- chinese labour - public outcry over conditions and whether theyd be replaced.
- taff vale 1901 - made it impossible to strike
- neglect of reform
- tariff reform - people didnt want the policy.
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General election January 1906
Liberal attractions:
- free trade
- Irish home rule
Lib-Lab pact:
- 1903 agreement with labour
- libs not oppose in 30 constituencies
- LRC restricted candidates to prevent a split in votes against conservatives
Liberals agreed:
- 150,000 fund
- agreed on policies
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New Liberalism
Classic Liberalism:
- laissez faire
- low tax
New Liberalism:
- state intervention
- safety nets for society
- higher government spending
Reasons for New Liberalism:
- population trebled due to urbanisation
- fear of disorder
- Booth and Rowntree -52% of poverty frequently employed
- lack of industrial progress
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Liberal social reforms
1906 Education Act:
- 1914 - 14 million free meals
- only 50% LEAs providing free meals
1907 Education Act:
- medical inspection set a minimum health care
- 3/4 providing treatment
- 2.3 free treatment
1908 Old Age Pensions:
- 5s a week single and 7s 6d for married
- paid by state through post office
- paid from general tax
- only for elderly poor and sliding scale made it hard to judge
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Liberal Social reforms
1911 National Insurance (unemployment):
- covered 2 million workers
- 7s for 15 weeks benefit
- only for certain trades - shipbuilding not covered
1911 National Insurance (sickness):
- covered 13 million workers
- 10s for 13 weeks and 5 s a further 13
- only covered those on less than 160 a year
- 16-60
- only for contributor - not family
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First constitutional crisis
Peoples Budget:
- LG wanted 16 million for social reforms
- opposition to labour and wanted working class vote
- punish conservatives for opposition in Lords
Proposed:
- increase income tax
- super tax (5000+)
- increased death duties (5000+)
- indirect tax on luxuries
- land taxes
what happened:
- 1909 - Lords vetoed due to outrage on land tax
- Liberals 1910 election 'peers vs people' - 275 seats
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Second Constitutional Crisis
1911 Parliament act:
- House of Lords have no power of veto
- couldnt amend or reject bills
- maximum period elections to 5 years
what happened:
- George V tried to get compromise
- Asquith under irish pressure to reject conservative proposals
- George V would make new peers if Liberals won an election on the issue
December 1910 election:
- Libs and Cons 272 seats EACH
- Libs relied on irish and Labour
- divided conservatives
- Balfour resigned
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Irish Home Rule 1912
For Home Rule:
- irish nationalisats - fear of civil war
- bill due to be law 1914 - WW1 averted and didnt resolve
Opposition:
- Ulster richer and didnt want tax to fund rural Ireland
- Cons feared it undermined UK status
- Curragh Mutiny 1914 - 30,000 rifles smuggled unionists, Bonar Law offered support - British troops threatened to resign
- Easter rising 1916 - 1000 rebels Irish volunteers seized post-office Dublin, hoped for German support, fighting spread, 2600 injuries over 400 deaths. rising a failure, condemned by Redmond, Irish support changed due to British action has 7 individuals tried and shot.
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Female emancipation
The issue:
- 19th century - little progress
- Asquith opposed
- social reforms took the time
- not all women supported
pressures:
- 1897 NUWSS - MIlicent Fawcett - non-violent. 1914 - 500,000 members
- WSPU 1903 - Emmeline Pankhurst - militant, between 1911-1914 arson, assault and strikes of hunger
1914 - little resolved
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Industrial Unrest
Reasons:
- By 1912 - 14% living increase
- 1910 - unemployment falling
- gap between classes more evident
war broke out 1914 and halted issues.
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