Stolypin's repression, 1906-14
- Created by: Tori
- Created on: 06-05-20 15:17
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- Stolypin's repression, 1906-14
- Repression
- In August 1906, Stolypin declared a 'state of emergency'.
- This formally suspended the rights guarenteed by the Fundamental Laws.
- Allowed the government to use terror aginst the Tsar's subjects:
- Officials were given the right to imprison people without putting them on trial.
- The military were given the power to dispense justice.
- Lawyers and appeals were banned in military courts.
- Many military courts had the right to exile of execute rebels, and appeals were not permitted.
- Allowed the government to use terror aginst the Tsar's subjects:
- This formally suspended the rights guarenteed by the Fundamental Laws.
- The Scale of the Repression
- Between 1906-10 Stolypin's courts found 37,620 people gulity of political crimes.
- 8,640 of these were sent to labour camps.
- 1,858 were 'resettled' to Russia's deserts or to the wastelands of Serbia.
- 'Resettlement' usually meant death.
- Russia's prison population rose from 98,000 in 1905, to over 250,000 by 1913.
- Stolypin's name became associated with the brutal policies.
- The trains that carried people away into exile became known as 'Stolypin Wagons'.
- The hangman's noose was nicknamed 'Stolypins necktie'.
- Between 1906-10 Stolypin's courts found 37,620 people gulity of political crimes.
- In August 1906, Stolypin declared a 'state of emergency'.
- Actions against revolutionary parties
- Came in two stages
- 1906-07
- Repression of revolutionaries became widespread and brutal.
- The state's main method was to put revolutionaries on trial in the brutal military courts.
- Revolutionaries responded in two days:
- SRs continued their campaign of assasinations.
- Led to the deaths of 1,126 government officials in 1906.
- Revolutionary leaders fled Russia.
- Eg, Lenin fled to Finland and then to Western Europe.
- SRs continued their campaign of assasinations.
- Repression of revolutionaries became widespread and brutal.
- 1907-14
- At the start of 1907, Trusevich, head of Russian police, established 8 regional security bureaus to target revolutionary parties.
- The new bureaus oversaw the dissolution of the 2nd Duma and the arrest and prosecution of the revolutionaries who had been elected to the Duma.
- However, from mid-1907, Trusevich instituted a policy of surveillance and subversion.
- Tried to limit the number of executions, and disrupt revolutionary parties though infiltration.
- This policy was highly effective.
- Offical reports indicate that Trusevich and Stolypin were convinced that, by 1908, their agents had effectively won the battle against the revolutionary parties.
- Trusevich's agents infiltrated revolutionary parties, creating an atmosphere of mistrust, as revolutionaries had no idea who were double agents.
- eg, In 1909 the SRs discovered that one of their most high-profile leaders, Azef, was a political informant.
- By 1913, Trusevich had 94 agents within revolutionary groups in St Petersburg alone.
- Trusevich's agents infiltrated revolutionary parties, creating an atmosphere of mistrust, as revolutionaries had no idea who were double agents.
- Offical reports indicate that Trusevich and Stolypin were convinced that, by 1908, their agents had effectively won the battle against the revolutionary parties.
- At the start of 1907, Trusevich, head of Russian police, established 8 regional security bureaus to target revolutionary parties.
- 1906-07
- Middle class reaction
- The Octoberists and right-wing parties supported the repressions.
- Even some liberals co-operated with the regime, as they didn't want Russia to slide into anarchy.
- The Octoberists and right-wing parties supported the repressions.
- Came in two stages
- Police Failings
- The police were broadly effective at disrupting revolutionary parties.
- However, they failed to stamp out the revolutionary newspapers.
- The Fundamental Laws effectivly created a free press.
- In 1912, the Bolsheviks founded 'Pravda', and the Mensheviks founded 'Luch'.
- Police kept the newspapers under surveillance and they attempted to close 'pravda' 8 times between 1912-14.
- However, it always re-emerged.
- However, they failed to stamp out the revolutionary newspapers.
- The police were broadly effective at disrupting revolutionary parties.
- Repression
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