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Advantages
- Practical (overt):
- Practical (covert): access easier if you pretend to be one of them (Humphreys Tearoom Trade)
- Ethical (overt): not really deceiving people as you have consent (compare to covert), Eileen Barker didn't deceit the Moonies,
- Ethical (covert):
- Validity (overt): can make notes as you're known as the researcher (may still be difficult), can build trust and behave more naturally, witnessing first hand.
- Validity (covert): no Hawthorne effect, witnessing first hand behaviour
- Theoretical (overt): interpretivists prefer as it is qualitiative, provides insight, Weber - verstehen.
- Theoretical (covert): interpretivists prefer as it is qualitiative, provides insight, Weber - verstehen.
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Disadvantages
- Practical (overt): may be hard to gain trust, hard to access group, time consuming, costly
- Practical (covert): hard to access groups, time consuming, costly, harder to blend in if you dont know the norms of group - James Patrick Glasgow Gang had to buy suit and copy style, doing top button made him look different.
- Ethical (overt): can put researcher in danger (Venkatesh) may be dangerous groups,
- Ethical (covert): lack of consent, Humphreys Tearoom, violation of privacy as they trusted a fake identity, may be dangerous for researcher.
- Reliability (overt): researcher could risk going 'native' - Barker study of Moonies,
- Reliability (covert): low reliability.
- Validity (overt): Hawthorne effect (Paul Willis)
- Validity (covert): researcher could risk going 'native' - Barker study of Moonies,
- Representativeness (overt): low as it only represents small sections of society
- Representativeness (covert) :low as it only represents small sections of society
- Theoretical (overt): positivists against it as no social facts, lack quanitiative data, no patterns or numbers.
- Theoretical (covert):positivists against it as no social facts, lack quantitative data, no patterns or numbers.
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