Biology 2.1.7 Prokaryotic cells


	Prokaryotic cells vs Eukaryotic cells
	Similarities Both have a plasma membrane Both have a cytoplasm Both have ribosomes for assembling amino acids into proteins Both have DNA and RNA	Differences Prokaryotes are much smaller, around 0.1-5 μm in diameter, whereas eukaryotic cells are between 10 and 100 μm in diameter Prokaryotes have a far less developed cytoskeleton with no centioles Whereas eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotes only have a nucleoid of genetic material which isn't membrane-bound Prokaryotes have naked DNA which is not wound around histone proteins as DNA is eukaryotic cells is, but rather as a loop Some prokaryotic cells also have plasmids, small loops of DNA Prokaryotic cells don't have membrane bound organelles Prokaryotic cell walls are made of peptidoglycan rather than cellulose or chitin Some prokaryotic cells have a protective waxy capsule surrounding their cell wall Prokaryotes have smaller ribosomes Some prokaryotic cells have flagella for movement, which differ from eukaryotic undulipodia Some prokaryotic cells have pili - small hair-like projections that enable them to adhere to host cells or to each other, and allow the passage of plasmid DNA from one cell to another Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission rather than mitosis
	Overall comparison Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of their size, structure and genetic material

Prokaryotes are much smaller, around 0.1-5 μm in diameter, whereas eukaryotic cells are between 10 and 100 μm in diameter
Prokaryotes have a far less developed cytoskeleton with no centioles
Whereas eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotes only have a nucleoid of genetic material which isn't membrane-bound
Prokaryotes have naked DNA which is not wound around histone proteins as DNA is eukaryotic cells is, but rather as a loop
Some prokaryotic cells also have plasmids, small loops of DNA
Prokaryotic cells don't have membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic cell walls are made of peptidoglycan rather than cellulose or chitin
Some prokaryotic cells have a protective waxy capsule surrounding their cell wall
Prokaryotes have smaller ribosomes
Some prokaryotic cells have flagella for movement, which differ from eukaryotic undulipodia
Some prokaryotic cells have pili - small hair-like projections that enable them to adhere to host cells or to each other, and allow the passage of plasmid DNA from one cell to another
Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission rather than mitosis

Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of their size, structure and genetic material

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