Clinical Psychology: Contemporary Study, Williams 2013.

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  • Created by: Hodgieee
  • Created on: 17-02-18 14:38
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  • Williams 2013
    • Aim
      • Test internet form of CBT and see if changing ppts cognitive bias using imagination modification would reduce symptoms of depression.
      • CBT usually first line of treatment/ therapist offered for moderate depression.
        • Long waiting lists due to lack of resources and funding.
      • Study aimed to see if a pre-treatment aimed at adjusting clients negative cognitive appraisals would impact positively following a course of internet CBT. (CBTi)
    • Sample
      • 69 ppts.
        • Randomly allocated into either waiting list control group (WLC) or treatment group (TG).
          • 31 ppts in WLC (given treatment after study) and 38 ppts in TG.
    • Procedure
      • Baseline measures taken from all before study began.
        • Primary
          • 1. Beck's Depression Inventory and Patient's Health Questionnaire Depression Scale    (PHQ-9): used to measure depressiom
          • 2. Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale: used to measure distress
          • 3. Ambiguous Scenarios Test and an electronic version of scrambled sentences test: used to measure interpretation bias
        • Secondary
          • 4. The World Health Organisational Disability Assessment Schedule: generic assessment instrument for health and ability, used across all diseases, including mental, neurological and addictive disorders.
          • 5. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory
          • The Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire
      • Untitled
      • TG underwent a 20 minute daily treatment of Cognitive Bias Modification using imagery (CBMi) for 1st week, followed by CBTi, lasting for a further 10 weeks.
        • CBTi validated by previous clinical trials and was made up of 6 online lessons with regular homework.
        • After the 11 weeks, all baseline measures were repeated and treatment of the WLC commenced.
    • Results
      • Pre-treatment tests showed no significant differences between the groups
      • After the 1st week of CBMi training, reduction in depression scores and distress scores in TG: 7 significant hcnages in 7 of TG compared to 2 in WLC.
      • Analysis at week 11 showed significant reductions in all primary measures for both TG and WLC, but much larger in TG.
        • 65% = TG showed clinical improvement compared to 36% in WLC.
    • Conclusion
      • Rapid symptom reduction achieved after 1 week of daily 20 min session with minimal effort from ppt (no homework at this point).
      • Changes shown in Ambiguous scenarios test fro depression scores showed CBMi treatment to be quick and effective way of changing negative appraisals which my help reduce other symptoms of depression, distress and anxiety.
      • Shows CBTi is an effective way of treating depression.

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