UK physical landscape
- Created by: 03Louise
- Created on: 04-02-18 14:55
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- UK physical landscape
- Coastal
- Weathering
- Mechanical weathering
- Freeze-thaw weathering
- Water gets into cracks in rocks-water freezes and expands increasing pressure- thaws releasing pressure- this causes the crack to widen
- Freeze-thaw weathering
- Chemical weathering
- Breaking down rock by changing its chemical composition
- Carbonation weathering
- CO2 is dissolved in rain water making it slightly acidic which reacts with certain types of rock
- Carbonation weathering
- Breaking down rock by changing its chemical composition
- Mechanical weathering
- Transportation processes
- Rivers
- Saltation
- Bounced
- Traction
- Rolled
- Suspension
- Lifted
- Solution
- Absorbed
- Mass movement
- Slides
- Shifts with rotation
- Slumps
- Shifts in in a straight line
- Rockfalls
- Breaks up and falls
- Slides
- Coastal landforms
- Wave-cut platforms
- Waves erode rock at the foot of the cliff
- The notch causes the cliff to become unstable and there fore collapses
- Material is cleared and the process starts again
- The notch causes the cliff to become unstable and there fore collapses
- Waves erode rock at the foot of the cliff
- Headlands and bays
- Caused by soft rock and hard rock being next to each other
- The less resistant rock is eroded easier
- This leaves a headland made of hard rock jutting out
- The less resistant rock is eroded easier
- Caused by soft rock and hard rock being next to each other
- Caves, arches and stackes
- Formed from headlands
- Hydraulic power and abrasion erodes the headland
- This creates cracks and then creates a cave
- Erosion makes the cave deeper until it goes through the headland-creating an arch
- This creates cracks and then creates a cave
- Hydraulic power and abrasion erodes the headland
- Formed from headlands
- Wave-cut platforms
- Deposition
- Creates beaches
- Longshore drift
- When the swash brings up material at an angle and it returns to the sea (backwash) at a right-angle. This causes material to move along the beach
- Landforms
- Spits
- Occur at a sharp bend in the coast line, longshore drift still goes on.
- Strong winds/waves can cause the end to curve which creates a sheltered area which can become a mud flat or salt marsh
- Occur at a sharp bend in the coast line, longshore drift still goes on.
- Bars
- When a spit joins two headlands together
- The bay then becomes a lagoon
- When a spit joins two headlands together
- Tombolo
- When a spit joins onto an island
- Sand dunes
- When sand is moved up the beach by wind
- Obstacles like driftwood cause the sand to be deposited
- Vegetation grows on the sand stabilizing it forming an embryo dune
- Obstacles like driftwood cause the sand to be deposited
- When sand is moved up the beach by wind
- Spits
- Landforms
- When the swash brings up material at an angle and it returns to the sea (backwash) at a right-angle. This causes material to move along the beach
- Management strategies
- Hard engineering
- Sea wall
- Concrete wall reflects waves
- Prevents erosion and flooding
- Backwash becomes stronger and erodes underneath the wall
- Expensive to build and mantain
- Concrete wall reflects waves
- Gabions
- Wire cages containing rocks
- Absorb wave energy
- Cheap and easy to build
- Ugly and the wire can corrode
- Wire cages containing rocks
- Rock armour
- Boulders piled up
- Absorb wave energy- reduce erosion and flooding
- Fairly cheap
- Can be moved by strong waves so need to be replaced
- Boulders piled up
- Groynes
- Wooden or stone frences
- Create wider beaches and slow waves which creates protection from erosion and flooding
- Fairly cheap
- Can starve beaches further down-causing that beach problems
- Longshore drift
- When the swash brings up material at an angle and it returns to the sea (backwash) at a right-angle. This causes material to move along the beach
- Landforms
- Spits
- Occur at a sharp bend in the coast line, longshore drift still goes on.
- Strong winds/waves can cause the end to curve which creates a sheltered area which can become a mud flat or salt marsh
- Occur at a sharp bend in the coast line, longshore drift still goes on.
- Bars
- When a spit joins two headlands together
- The bay then becomes a lagoon
- When a spit joins two headlands together
- Tombolo
- When a spit joins onto an island
- Sand dunes
- When sand is moved up the beach by wind
- Obstacles like driftwood cause the sand to be deposited
- Vegetation grows on the sand stabilizing it forming an embryo dune
- Obstacles like driftwood cause the sand to be deposited
- When sand is moved up the beach by wind
- Spits
- Landforms
- When the swash brings up material at an angle and it returns to the sea (backwash) at a right-angle. This causes material to move along the beach
- Wooden or stone frences
- Sea wall
- Soft engineering
- Beach nourishment and re-profiling
- Adding material
- Creates wider beaches and slows waves
- Taking material from the sea bed can kill organisms
- Expensive
- Adding material
- Dune regeneration
- Creating/ restoring sand dunes
- Provide a barrier- absorbs wave energy
- Cheap
- Limited to a small area
- Nourishment is very expensive
- Creating/ restoring sand dunes
- Managed retreat
- Letting land erode
- Cheap and easy
- Creates marshland habitat
- Can cause conflict, flooding farmland, losing habitats
- Letting land erode
- Beach nourishment and re-profiling
- Hard engineering
- Case study
- Holderness coast
- Retreating
- Cliffs made from soft, easily eroded clay
- Longshore drift
- 1.8 m of land is lost a year to the sea
- Some places it's over 10 m a year
- Hard engineering is used
- Over 11km
- Protect towns and villages- Hornsea (population 8000+) , Withernsea (6000+)
- Protect important infrastructure
- Gas terminal supplies 25% of gas in the UK is on the edge of the cliff
- Protected by rock armour and groynes
- Hard engineering is used
- Over 11km
- Protect towns and villages- Hornsea (population 8000+) , Withernsea (6000+)
- Protect important infrastructure
- Gas terminal supplies 25% of gas in the UK is on the edge of the cliff
- Untitled
- Hard engineering is used
- Holderness coast
- Weathering
- Rivers
- Coastal
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