Types of Pathogen
- Created by: Freja
- Created on: 25-05-21 20:52
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- Pathogens
- Bacteria
- Most bacteria produce toxins that poison or damage the host cell.
- Some bacterial toxins damage the host cells by breaking down the cell membranes.
- Some damage or inactivate enzymes.
- Some interfere with the host cell genetic material, so the cells cannot divide.
- Examples
- In Plants- Ring Rot
- In Animals- E.coli, TB, Bacterial Meningitis, Staphylococcus Aureus
- Prokaryotic
- Can be classified by their basic shapes or by their cell walls.
- Fungi
- Some fungi produce toxins which affect the host cell and cause disease.
- Fungi digest living cells and destroy them. This along with the response of the body to the damage caused by the fungus gives the symptoms of disease.
- They prevent plants from photosynthe-sising, which quickly kills the plant.
- Examples
- In Animals- Thrush, Athletes Foot, Ring Worm
- In Plants- Black Sigatoka
- Eukaryotic
- Many are saprophytes- feed on dead and decaying matter.
- Some are parasitic- feed on living plants and animals.
- When they reproduce they produce millions of spores, which can spread large distances.
- Protoctista
- Take over cells and break them open, but do not take over the genetic material.
- They digest and use the cell contents, as they reproduce.
- Examples
- In Plants- Potato/ Tomato Late Blight
- In Animals-Malaria, Amoebic Dysentery
- Eukaryotic
- The protists that cause disease are parasitic- they use people or animals as their host organism.
- Viruses
- They take over the cell metabolism. The viral genetic material gets into the host cell and insert it into the host DNA.
- The virus uses the host cell to make new viruses, which burst out of the cell, destroying it and then they spread it to infect other cells.
- Examples
- In Animals- HIV, Influenza
- In Plants- Tobacco Mosaic Virus
- Very small, 0.02-0.3um
- Reproduce rapidly
- Are all pathogenic
- Bacterio-phages, which are viruses that attack bacteria. They take over the bacterial cells and replicate, which destroys the bacteria at the same time.
- Bacteria
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