To what extent can social and economic inequalities be reduced?
- Created by: Jake199
- Created on: 02-06-14 18:56
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- To what extent can social and economic inequalities be reduced?
- FDI
- EU takes 46% of FDI, while Africa takes 3.4%
- Used for infrastructure
- Brings in new skills and technology
- Increases employment
- Increases money in economy and therefore allows economic growth
- Often money leakage, and benefits a TNC instead of people
- Trade
- Fairer
- Removing blocks/ restrictions to allow developing countries into global market
- World \trade Organisation efforts
- North American free trade agreement (NAFTA)
- Difficult for landlocked countries
- Loans
- Support infrastructure development
- Many taken out in 1970s
- African nations total is $295bn
- Crippling interest rates
- Countries with large debt cannot develop
- Drop the debt campaigns
- Debt relief
- Abolition of debt or reduction in interest rates
- Benin- 54% of saved money spent on primary healthcare
- Tanzania- Abolition of debt has meant abolition of school, = 66% increase in attendance
- Mozambique- Debt relief has meant free immunisation programmes
- Conservation swaps
- Debt written off in exchange for ensured conservation of endangered resources/ habitats
- USA took away $1m of Bolivian debt for conservation of rainforest
- Aid
- Long term/ short term
- Bilateral// multilateral
- Top down bottom up
- Large scale- big impact but expensive e.g Akosombo Dam, Ghana
- Small scale- smaller impact but inexpensive
- EU gave Mozambique €7m to subsidise 25000 farmers. This increased production by 50%
- Often corruption e.g Zimbabwe, Nigeria
- Not linked to local economies
- Uk
- Taxes and subsidies
- Progressive tax system
- VAT not charged on food and children s cloths
- Benefits system
- Fair
- Costly
- Local planning
- Improvements to housing
- More housing
- Creates jobs
- Costly
- Not all houses affordable
- Regional planning
- EU convergence fund e.g Helston Cattle market and Tremough
- Direct investment
- Creates jobs
- Money not spread
- Law
- Gives equal opportunities
- Hard to enforce
- Doesn't always change attitudes
- Education
- Free for all
- Bursaires
- Free school meals up to year 1
- Raise compulsory attendance age
- Taxes and subsidies
- FDI
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