Health, Human Rights and Intervention Glossary
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the level to which a country cannot perform many of the basic functions of government without overseas aid
aid dependancy
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aid which goes directly from one country to another
bilateral aid
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created from more than one factor
composite
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imposing certain conditions that countries must meet before they can receive any loans
conditionality
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the association that people have with aspects such as ethnic origin, language or religion
cultural identity
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the allocation of funds to other countries for democracy building
democracy aid
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factors which strongly determine (or influence) other outcomes
determinants
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change for the better, long term economic, social, political and environmental improvements
development
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financial aid given to developing countries to support their
long-term economic, political, social and environmental
development
long-term economic, political, social and environmental
development
development aid
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action which has a direct impact upon the people,
organisations or governments targeted e.g. for military or
environmental purposes – this can be violent or non-violent
organisations or governments targeted e.g. for military or
environmental purposes – this can be violent or non-violent
direct action
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sending troops and equipment to fight
direct military intervention
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a measure of the land area and water reserves that a
population needs in order to produce what it consumes
population needs in order to produce what it consumes
ecological footprint
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widespread and part of the natural environment (in this context)
endemic
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a treaty, drafted by The Council of Europe, to protect human
rights
rights
ECHR
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those who live in a country in which they are not citizens
ex pats
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how satisfied the residents of a country say they feel with life
overall, on a scale from 0 to 10
overall, on a scale from 0 to 10
experienced well-being
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the secret transfer of a terror suspect, without legal process,
to a foreign government for detention and interrogation. The
interrogation methods often do not meet international
standards, and include the use of torture
to a foreign government for detention and interrogation. The
interrogation methods often do not meet international
standards, and include the use of torture
extraordinary rendition
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disparity between genders in a population
gender imbalance
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a body of rules that protect civilians and people who are no
longer fighting, including wounded and sick military
personnel and prisoners of war caught up in conflict
anywhere in the world
longer fighting, including wounded and sick military
personnel and prisoners of war caught up in conflict
anywhere in the world
geneva convention
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the mass killing of a particular group
genocide
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the influence of geography (both human and physical) on
politics, especially international relations
politics, especially international relations
geopolitics
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the actions of governments, IGOs and NGOs to bring about
intended changes
intended changes
geopolitical interventions
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a measure of inequality within countries – between 0
(wealth is distributed equally) and 1 (where one person has
all the wealth) – the higher the coefficient, the more unequal
the distribution
(wealth is distributed equally) and 1 (where one person has
all the wealth) – the higher the coefficient, the more unequal
the distribution
gini coefficient
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the monetary value of all goods and services produced by a
country in a year
country in a year
GDP
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a measure of sustainable well-being, which shows the extent
to which countries deliver long, happy, and sustainable lives
for the people who live in them
to which countries deliver long, happy, and sustainable lives
for the people who live in them
HPI
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the economic, political, cultural and social skills within a
country
country
human capital
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a composite measure of development which creates a single
index figure out of indicators for life expectancy, literacy,
average length of schooling and GDP per capita (in US$ PPP)
index figure out of indicators for life expectancy, literacy,
average length of schooling and GDP per capita (in US$ PPP)
HDI
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a 1998 UK law which protects 15 fundamental rights and
freedoms, including the right to life, privacy and free speech
– all based on articles in the ECHR. It ensures that people
can defend their rights in court, and that public and private
organisations m
freedoms, including the right to life, privacy and free speech
– all based on articles in the ECHR. It ensures that people
can defend their rights in court, and that public and private
organisations m
The 1998 Human Rights Act
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action which involves an intermediary in order to impact upon
the people, organisations or governments targeted e.g.
providing military training to local troops
the people, organisations or governments targeted e.g.
providing military training to local troops
indirect action
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intervention which usually involves providing economic or
military assistance without direct action e.g. without sending
troops
military assistance without direct action e.g. without sending
troops
indirect intervention
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an organisation involving several countries working together
on issues of common interest
on issues of common interest
IGO
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the average number of years that a person born now is
expected to live in each country
expected to live in each country
life expectancy
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goals related to different aspects of human development that
were agreed by the UN in 2000, and that were to be
achieved by 2015. They included reductions in poverty,
hunger and infant mortality
were agreed by the UN in 2000, and that were to be
achieved by 2015. They included reductions in poverty,
hunger and infant mortality
Millennium Development Goals
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aid which is channelled through an IGO (and therefore
originates from a range of different countries)
originates from a range of different countries)
multilateral aid
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the idea that each nation has a right to govern itself without
interference from other nations
interference from other nations
national sovereignty
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a not-for-profit organisation, independent from any
government
government
NGO
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per person (or per head as mrs smith would say)
per capita
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a programme, run by the IMF, which requires countries to
develop their own medium-term development plans in order
to receive aid, loans and debt relief, rather than having
conditions imposed upon them
develop their own medium-term development plans in order
to receive aid, loans and debt relief, rather than having
conditions imposed upon them
poverty reduction programme
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(shown in US$) relates average earnings in a country to local
prices and what they will buy – the spending power within a
country, reflecting local costs of living
prices and what they will buy – the spending power within a
country, reflecting local costs of living
PPP
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children of Australia’s indigenous peoples who were forcibly
removed by the Australian authorities to be raised in
‘civilised’ white-run institutions
removed by the Australian authorities to be raised in
‘civilised’ white-run institutions
stolen generations
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policies imposed by the IMF which forced the State to play a
reduced part in the economy and in social welfare, in return
for re-arranging loans at adjusted rates of interest, and at
more affordable repayments
reduced part in the economy and in social welfare, in return
for re-arranging loans at adjusted rates of interest, and at
more affordable repayments
structural adjustment programmes
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a set of goals, launched in September 2015, to be achieved
by 2030 and designed to end poverty, protect the planet and
ensure prosperity for all
by 2030 and designed to end poverty, protect the planet and
ensure prosperity for all
sustainable development goals
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‘any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or
mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person’ in order to get
information (as defined in the UN Convention against Torture)
mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person’ in order to get
information (as defined in the UN Convention against Torture)
torture
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a government or international ban that restricts trade with a
particular country
particular country
trade embargo
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signed in 1948 with the aim of providing a common
understanding of the rights that every human being should
be entitled to, and also to form a basis for freedom, justice
and peace
understanding of the rights that every human being should
be entitled to, and also to form a basis for freedom, justice
and peace
Universal declaration of human rights
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
aid which goes directly from one country to another
Back
bilateral aid
Card 3
Front
created from more than one factor
Back
Card 4
Front
imposing certain conditions that countries must meet before they can receive any loans
Back
Card 5
Front
the association that people have with aspects such as ethnic origin, language or religion
Back
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