Theories of offending AO1
- Created by: Jess
- Created on: 09-02-14 13:50
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- Theories of offending AO1
- Early biological
- Lombroso's actavistic form theory
- a distinct group of people with primitive characteristics
- Beak like nose, thin lips, fleshy lips, large jaw
- people with these characteristics need to be treated more leniently because they a were born not made and have a lack of free will
- Sheldon
- link between body type and behaviour/personality
- mesomorph/endomorph are more likely to be criminals
- 200 delinquents, 1-7 scale of body types
- Lombroso's actavistic form theory
- Biological
- Genetics
- Lange: mz and dz twins, found 77% mz and 12% dz
- chromosomes
- extra x chromosome in males - testosterone
- Jacobs: xxy was found in 1.5% of the prison population compared to 0.1 in normal
- nueropsyiology
- Brain structures are responisible for agression
- Raine: found that there was a reduction of 11% grey matter in APD
- Shows a reduced autonomic in stressful situations - poor arousal and lack of conscience
- Genetics
- Eysenck 's criminal personality
- We inherit a nervous system that affects our ability to condition to the environment
- Introvert; over aroused ns
- Extrovert: underaroused ns
- Nueroticism: emotionally unstable
- High extrovert and nueroticism dont adapt well to the environment
- Extrovert: underaroused ns
- High extrovert and nueroticism dont adapt well to the environment
- emotional stablilty
- psycoticism: overlaps with anitsocial
- We inherit a nervous system that affects our ability to condition to the environment
- Social learning
- observation, imitation, vicarious reinforcement
- Bandura; agression, saw rewards. SHOWS children copy the behaviour of role models, rewards enhance it
- Sutherland's differential association
- may turn to crime when the rewards for breaking the law are greater than law abiding
- association with the people aroumd you
- Psychodynamic
- Parts of the personaility: id, ego and superego
- 3 superegos, Weak, Deviant, over harsh
- Weak, absence of same sex parent in the phallic stage. the child has no one to identify with so has no morals and therefore no guilt
- over harsh superego - demanding of guilt,
- Deviant superego, the person who the child indentifies with is immorral
- Defense mechanisms
- conflict among the personalities, try and resolve it
- displacement - taking emotions out on a substitude object
- Maternal deprivation
- when you suffer from problems because of disruption to the mother bond in the first 5 years of your life
- Early biological
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