Theories of Culture
- Created by: Rachellowe
- Created on: 02-04-18 10:01
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- Theories of culture
- Marxism
- Capitalism creates false needs and commodity fetishism
- Adorno and Horkheimer - mass culture encourages you to think you need to buy things
- The Frankfurt schools says capitalism creates desires that only capitalism can satisfy
- Neo Marxism
- The Frankfurt school suggest:
- Mass culture is used to dull the minds of the working class
- Mass culture promotes the capitalist ideology
- The population are passive victims of mass culture
- Gramsci - the idea of a single mass culture is too simplistic
- Capitalism creates a dominant culture
- Capitalism had to allow some oppositional cultures so it would appear to be a fair system.
- Hall and others toake a more psitive view of modern culture and prefer the term popular culture.
- Hall - youth subcultures help the WC resist capitalist values.
- The Frankfurt school suggest:
- Funtionalism
- Based on the ideas of social control but in a more positive way than Marxism.
- Durkheim describes culture as a kind of social glue.
- It bonds people together by creating shared interests and puropses
- Individuals internalise norms and values meaning they become part of who we are.
- Helps to socialise people into appropriate behaviour.
- Durkheim called the shared norms and values of society the 'collective consciousness of society'
- Feminism
- Culture stereotypes women into roles.
- Ferguson and Mcrobbie found that magazines promoted traditional female roles
- Dworkin - images of women in the media encourage and justify violence against women.
- Some popular culture representations f women can also be empowering
- Postmodernist
- Culture is diverse
- Functionalism is outdated because of their view of of one dominant/shared culture
- Reject the idea that culture unifies people in society
- Hall - diversity creates fragmented identities where people can construct their own identity from a range of different cultures.
- Strinati - culture is still affected by structural factors such as class
- Interactionism
- Culture is determined by individuals
- Culture is partly developed at the bottom of society by the individual
- If people change the way they act to one another then culture will change too.
- Goffman - unspoken rules in society
- Culture comes from peoples own ideas of how to interact with each other
- Marxism
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