The Terror: French Revolution

Created by: MarziaDG
Created on: 22-02-15 09:48

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The Terror: France: Autumn 1793-July 1794
- The First Terror
  - September Massacre 2nd-7th September 1792
    - 1400, 1/2 of all prisoners were killed
      - Most weren't actually dangerous - 200 were priests
      - National Guards that didn't want to leave their families before now were ok with going to fight in the war.
        20,000 more troops in army: Success in the Battle of Valmy
        Dumouriez had peace talks with Prussia.
    - Sparked by 17 prisoners who were killed whilst they were being transported
    - Paris Commune said they would pay the Sans Culotte to kill
      - Shocked Legislative Assembly and political clubs
- Power struggle between the Jacobin and the Girodin.
  - Jacobin
    - Set up the Committee of Public Safety: April 1793
      - They ran the Terror.
      - 12 members: one being Robespierre.
        Only needed 3 signatures to make a law.
        
        Robespierre justified Terror and some believed him
        Led to Great Terror: May - June 1794
        2500 executions in Paris alone.
        
        Law of 22 Prairlal.
        No lawyers at trials.
      - Saw themselves as above the Convention when the Convention should have been the ones giving them orders.
      - Representatives on Mission and Revolutionary army had roles changed to imposing Terror in the Provinces.
    - Attacked Girodin and wanted them out of Convention
      - Wanted to get rid of anyone who was against them.
      - Wanted to work with Sans Culotte.
      - Jacobin said anyone in the Girodin that voted for the appel au peple was a traitor and should be dismissed.
        Marat was killed by a Girodin in 1793.
  - Coup d'état
    - Paris Sections went to Convention with demands.
      - One was get rid of Girodin deputies.
        Jacobin knew that Girodin had a lot of support in the South so didnt want to do this as didn't know how the South would react.
        Crowd left.
        Came back on 2nd of June: 20,000 people.
        Jacobin arrested 29 Girodin deputies.
        Now dominated Convention.
    - May 1793
- Convention discussed a need for Terror: Spring 1793
  - Marat made a violent speech that called for violence: shocked many.
- Paris
  - October to November 1793
  - 177 executed
  - 16th October: Marie Antoinette and Girodin deputies executed
  - November: Bailly exceuted: Still being blamed for Champ de Mars Massacre.
  - By 1794, 16,000 had been killed.
- End of the Terror
  - Thermidor.
    - 8th Thermidor
      - Robespierre hadn't been seen in a while as he had been ill.
      - R made a speech saying that it was all the CGS's fault (Committee of General Security)
      - CGS and Convention decided it was time for R and CPS to go.
    - 9th Thermidor
      - No support for R left.
      - R and supporters were arrested. Paris Commune tried to get a petition for their release but there was no support about.
    - 10th Thermidor
      - 100 more supporters of R were executed without trial.
      - Clean end to Terror.
  - Thermidor Reaction.
    - 1794-1795
    - People really didn't want a repeat of the Terror.
    - Released all the prisoners who were waiting to be trialled under Robespierre.
    - Closed RevolutionaryTribunals and things that allowed for quick trials (law of 22 prairal)
    - Closed Jacobin club.
    - Separated the Church and the State: people didn't have to chose between Revolution and Religion anymore.
      - Biggest uprising in Terror was the Civil War in the Vendee so this should please people.
- Civil War in the Vendee: Feb 1793
  - Poor agricultural area
  - Catholic area with lots of Refractory Priests in hiding: priests that did support were enemies.
  - Largely royalist area and they wanted to rebel when they found out about the execution of Louis
  - Government thought they would rebel and get Britain to help.
  - Civil War sparked by the Levee of 300,000: Government basically brought in Conscription.
  - Catholic Royal Army: 120,000 Vendee people gathered to fight against Central Government.
    - Fighting began in March 1793
    - Only 16,000 Republican soldiers but the Catholic Royal Army were not well trained.
      - Ruthless: killed women and children.
    - 42% of death warrants from the Terror were from the Vendee.
      - 15% of Vendee population killed.

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The Terror: French Revolution

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