Tectonics case studies
- Created by: MrAltaf
- Created on: 08-01-19 11:59
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- Tectonics case studies
- Earthquakes
- Christchurch, New Zealand (Feb 2011) [HIC]
- Effects
- Water and sewage lines damaged --> contaminated water (SEE, ST, local)
- Total damage: $40 billion (Ec)
- 181 killed (S, ST)
- 200 injured (S, ST)
- Local schools damaged --> 45,000 students affected (ST, MT, Social)
- Tourist visitors decreased by 75% in the following months (LT, global, future)
- Severe liquefaction --> flooding (ST, Env)
- 50% of central city's buildings were severely damaged (SEEP, businesses, residents, governments)
- 6.3 magnitude
- Responses
- Colour coded damage system on buildings (ST)
- Geonet funded a new monitoring and warning system (LT, regional)
- Regular EQ drills (mitigation)
- St Johns ambulance provided medical aid (ST)
- $7 million of international aid & $900 million insurance pay out (LT, global)
- Chemical toilets provided for 30,000 residents (Social, ST)
- Destructive plate boundary
- Effects
- Haiti (Jan 2010) [LIC}
- Effects
- 28,000 buildings destroyed (Soc, Ec)
- 4,000 schools destroyed (Soc, Ec, Dem)
- 1 in 5 lost their jobs (Soc, Ec)
- 200,000 deaths (S)
- 3 million people affected (SPEED)
- Haiti's largest industry, clothing, was one of the worst affected (Soc, Ec, globalisation)
- 60% of government buildings destroyed or damaged (Soc, Pol, Ec,
- 7.0 magnitude
- Epicentre 25km from capital city Port Au Prince (higher Risk)
- Responses
- Foreign countries and organisations sent aid (e.g. $330m from EU) (Globalisation, ST)
- American Red Cross donated $7m within 24 hours (ST)
- 40 trucks of food aid sent
- Israeli defence provided support for children, elderly and pregnant women (Dem)
- 400 orphans adopted by Americans (Soc, Dem, MT - LT)
- Haiti did not have a disaster management plan (Inequality, mitigation, preparation)
- 1m people still in temporary housing 1 year later (LT)
- Water and sanitation provided for 1.7m (MT)
- Effects
- Christchurch, New Zealand (Feb 2011) [HIC]
- Tsunami
- Indian Ocean/ Boxing Day tsunami (Dec 2004)
- 9.0 magnitude
- 24m tsunami
- Effects
- 230,000 deaths (S)
- 2.3m homeless (S)
- Reached as far as East coast of Africa (5,000 displaced, 150 dead in Somalia) (Large extent, global scale)
- Thailand and Indonesia affected first whereas Southern Africa affected 11 hours later (fast vs slow onset)
- Thailand tourist sector greatly affected (Soc, Ec, interdependence)
- Responses
- Mass graves used to prevent disease (ST)
- $7bn in aid from NGOs and governments (ST, globalisation)
- Temporary shelters and refugee camps established (ST)
- Rubble and debris removed to allow rebuilding (MT)
- Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System in place ($20m) (LT, future, risk, mitigation)
- Indian Ocean/ Boxing Day tsunami (Dec 2004)
- Volcanoes
- Eyjafjallajokull, Iceland (2010) (HIC)
- Effects
- 11,000m ash plume (Env)
- 150m ice cap melted (700 evacuated) (Soc, Env)
- 20 farms destroyed by flooding or ash (Soc, Ec, local)
- Major industry, fresh fish exports, badly affected with loss of income (Ec)
- 95,000 flights cancelled - $2bn loss (Soc, Ec, regional, globalisation)
- Channel Tunnel and Channel Ferries gained extra business (Ec, regional)
- Europe lost $2.6bn of GDP due to eruption
- Global drop in CO2 emissions (drop of 2.8 million tonnes)
- VEI 4
- Mid Atlantic Ridge, Constructive pb (N. Am & Eurasian)
- Responses
- Iceland was more prepared than usual as a smaller eruption occurred a month earlier (frequency)
- Improved high tech equipment e.g. seismometers GPS, satellites used for future predictions (LT, future, risk, mitigation)
- Emergency services were prepared for support (ST)
- Evacuation of people affected by meltwater (ST)
- Effects
- Mt Nyiragongo, Congo (2002) (LIC)
- VEI 2
- East African Rift Valley
- Effects
- 40% Goma destroyed (4,500 buildings) and 14 villages destroyed (Soc, Ec)
- Eruption produced ash, lava flows, toxic gases killing over 100 people
- Goma airport and runway damaged by lava flows
- Cholera outbreak due lack of clean drinking water
- Responses
- 200,000 fled to Rwanda (ST)
- Aid agencies gave temporary shelters and sanitation kits (ST)
- UN provided 260 tonnes of food for 700,000 people (ST)
- Soufriere Hills, Montserrat (1997)
- VEI 3
- Destructive pb (Caribbean and N.AM plate)
- Effects
- Pyroclastic flow destroyed vegetation and damaged structures, 19 deaths (Soc, Ec, Env)
- 4.5 million m3 affected in 20 mins (fast onset)
- Plymouth and Bramble Airport destroyed by ejects and lahar (Soc, Ec)
- Ash cloud reached 40,000 ft
- Ash clouds, toxic gases, tephra, ash fall, lahar, pryoclastic flow
- Unemployment rose from 7% to 50% as people evacuated
- Responses
- Seismic activity monitored prior to eruption (past, ST, risk, mitigation)
- UK government sent £17m emergency aid (ST)
- Evacuation to north of island, supported by US troops (ST)
- Eyjafjallajokull, Iceland (2010) (HIC)
- Earthquakes
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