Sociology Basics B671
- Created by: ameyjadexo
- Created on: 30-04-16 19:39
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- Sociology Basics B671
- Types Of Data
- Secondary Data
- Data that has already been collected.
- Strengths
- Quick and cheap.
- Limitations
- Data may be out of date or not relevant.
- May not be reliable
- Primary Data
- Data you collect yourself
- Strengths
- The data collected is relevant and reliable.
- Limitations
- Time consuming
- Quantitative
- Data in a numerical form
- Strengths
- Easy to compare
- Limitations
- Doesn't allow for personal opinion
- Qualitative
- Data that is verbal or literal .
- Strengths
- Allows personal opinion
- Limitations
- Dificult to compare
- Secondary Data
- Research Methods
- Quetionnaire
- A list of written completed by participants. Questions can be open or closed.
- Open questions allow for opinion.
- Qualitative data.
- Closes questions give categories.
- Quantitate data.
- Open questions allow for opinion.
- Strengths
- Cheap
- Easy to complete
- Reliable
- Limitations
- Low response rate
- Not Valid
- People don't take them seriously
- Often not completed correctly
- A list of written completed by participants. Questions can be open or closed.
- Interview
- A set of questions that will be verbally asked. They can be structured or unstructured.
- Strengths
- Give depth and detail
- Valid data
- High response rate
- Limitations
- Interviewer Bias
- Difficult to get a large sample
- Data will not represent the wider population
- Observation
- Where the researcher watches a group or an individual.
- Covert
- The group do not know they are being observed.
- Strengths
- The group are unaware they are being observed so will not change their behaviour
- Limitations
- Seen as Unethical.
- Non-participant
- You don't get involved with the group.
- Strengths
- The observer will not be influenced by the group.
- Limitations
- You're not part of the group
- Overt
- The group know they are being observed.
- Strengths
- Seen as more ethical than covert.
- No deception
- Seen as more ethical than covert.
- Limitations
- you can't guarantee the observers presence wont affect the groups behaviour .
- Participant
- you get involved with the group
- Strengths
- You get directly involved with the group
- Limitations
- It can be difficult to be accepted into a group
- Quetionnaire
- Sampling
- Snowball
- The researcher selects one member of the population and then that person selects another member of the population.
- This continues until the sample size is reached
- Limitations
- if the sample is generated from one person it may not represent the wider population
- The researcher selects one member of the population and then that person selects another member of the population.
- Stratified
- Used if the researcher wants to reflect a specific group in society.
- Strengths
- Represents the wider population.
- Random
- Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
- Limitations
- The sample may not represent the wider population.
- Snowball
- Socilisation
- Is the process of how we learn to behave and act in society.
- Divided into two key stages
- Primary socialisation
- Where children learn the basics during early childhood
- Traditionally done by the family
- Parsons (1951)
- Secondary socialisation
- This stage starts around age 5and continues into adulthood.
- Basics learnt in primary socialisation are developed and reinforced
- This stage is spread over many agents of socialisation
- Primary socialisation
- There are 5 key agents of socialisation.
- Peer Groups
- Can pressure you to conform to their norms and values
- You spend a lot of time with them so the can influence how you act.
- The Mass Media
- Some people argue that modern day children are raised by the media
- Influences how we dress act and the music we listen to.
- Education
- Teaches lessons such as punctuality and respect therough the hidden curriculum
- The Family
- Ann Oakley (1981) said the family taught us our gender identities two ways
- Canalization
- Parents would push their child into gender specific roles
- Manipulation
- Parents would encourage behaviour deemed suitable for either a boy or girl
- Canalization
- Ann Oakley (1981) said the family taught us our gender identities two ways
- The Workplace
- Where norms and values are reinforced to us as adults.
- Peer Groups
- Status and Roles
- Status is referring to a persons position in society. Status can be ascribes or achieved.
- Ascribed is fixed at birth
- Achieved changes with the individuals achievements and efforts
- A role is the behaviour expected of an individual who occupies a given social position or status
- A person can have multiple roles.
- These roles may clash coursing role conflict.
- A person can have multiple roles.
- Status is referring to a persons position in society. Status can be ascribes or achieved.
- Norms and Values
- Norms are the unwritten rules of society. Values are the general ideas and guidelines about what is right and wrong.
- Norms
- Create order in society.
- Can differ depending on your age, gender culture, ethnicity or social class.
- Values
- Can differ depending on your age, gender culture, ethnicity or social class.
- Often enforced by law.
- Culture and Identity
- Culture
- Culture is the whole way of life of a society.
- Cultural diversity is the differences between cultures
- Within every large culture there are smaller cultures within it .
- These are called subcultures. They have different norms and values to mainstream society.
- Culture is the whole way of life of a society.
- Identity
- Identity is how we see ourselves and how others see us.
- Our identities are shaped by those around us.
- They are created through socialisation.
- Gender identities are heavily bases on stereotypes.
- Our identities are shaped by those around us.
- Identity is how we see ourselves and how others see us.
- Culture
- Types Of Data
- Random
- Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
- Limitations
- The sample may not represent the wider population.
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