Sociology Basics B671

?
View mindmap
  • Sociology Basics B671
    • Types Of Data
      • Secondary Data
        • Data that has already been collected.
        • Strengths
          • Quick and cheap.
        • Limitations
          • Data may be out of date or not relevant.
          • May not be reliable
      • Primary Data
        • Data you collect yourself
        • Strengths
          • The data collected is relevant and reliable.
        • Limitations
          • Time consuming
      • Quantitative
        • Data in a numerical form
        • Strengths
          • Easy to compare
        • Limitations
          • Doesn't allow for personal opinion
      • Qualitative
        • Data that is verbal or literal .
        • Strengths
          • Allows personal opinion
        • Limitations
          • Dificult to compare
    • Research Methods
      • Quetionnaire
        • A list of written completed by participants. Questions can be open or closed.
          • Open questions allow for opinion.
            • Qualitative data.
          • Closes questions give categories.
            • Quantitate data.
        • Strengths
          • Cheap
          • Easy to complete
          • Reliable
        • Limitations
          • Low response rate
          • Not Valid
            • People don't take them seriously
            • Often not completed correctly
      • Interview
        • A set of questions that  will be verbally asked. They can be structured or unstructured.
        • Strengths
          • Give depth and detail
          • Valid data
          • High response rate
        • Limitations
          • Interviewer Bias
          • Difficult to get a large sample
            • Data will not represent the wider population
      • Observation
        • Where the researcher watches a group or an individual.
        • Covert
          • The group do not know they are being observed.
          • Strengths
            • The group are unaware they are being observed so will not change their behaviour
          • Limitations
            • Seen as Unethical.
        • Non-participant
          • You don't get involved with the group.
          • Strengths
            • The observer will not be influenced by the group.
          • Limitations
            • You're not part of the group
        • Overt
          • The group know they are being observed.
          • Strengths
            • Seen as more ethical than covert.
              • No deception
          • Limitations
            • you can't guarantee the observers presence wont affect the groups behaviour .
        • Participant
          • you get involved with the group
          • Strengths
            • You get directly involved with the group
          • Limitations
            • It can be difficult to be accepted into a group
    • Sampling
      • Snowball
        • The researcher selects one member of the population and then that person selects another member of the population.
          • This continues until the sample size is reached
        • Limitations
          • if the sample is generated from one person it may not represent the wider population
      • Stratified
        • Used if the researcher wants to reflect a specific group in society.
        • Strengths
          • Represents the wider population.
      • Random
        • Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
        • Limitations
          • The sample may not represent the wider population.
    • Socilisation
      • Is the process of how we learn to behave and act in society.
      • Divided into two key stages
        • Primary socialisation
          • Where children learn the basics during early childhood
          • Traditionally done by the family
          • Parsons (1951)
        • Secondary socialisation
          • This stage starts around age 5and continues into adulthood.
          • Basics learnt in primary socialisation are developed and reinforced
          • This stage is spread over many agents of socialisation
      • There are 5 key agents of socialisation.
        • Peer Groups
          • Can pressure you to conform to their norms and values
          • You spend a lot of time with them so the can influence how you act.
        • The Mass Media
          • Some people argue that modern day children are raised by the media
          • Influences how we dress act and the music we listen to.
        • Education
          • Teaches lessons such as punctuality and respect therough the hidden curriculum
        • The Family
          • Ann Oakley (1981) said the family taught us our gender identities two ways
            • Canalization
              • Parents would push their child into gender specific roles
            • Manipulation
              • Parents would encourage behaviour deemed suitable for either a boy or girl
        • The Workplace
          • Where norms and values are reinforced to us as adults.
    • Status and Roles
      • Status is referring to a persons position in society. Status can be ascribes or achieved.
        • Ascribed is fixed at birth
        • Achieved changes with the individuals  achievements and efforts
      • A role is the behaviour expected of an individual who occupies a given social position or status
        • A person can have multiple roles.
          • These roles may clash coursing role conflict.
    • Norms and Values
      • Norms are the unwritten rules of society. Values are the general ideas and guidelines about what is right and wrong.
      • Norms
        • Create order in society.
        • Can differ depending on your age, gender culture, ethnicity or social class.
      • Values
        • Can differ depending on your age, gender culture, ethnicity or social class.
        • Often enforced by law.
    • Culture and Identity
      • Culture
        • Culture is the whole way of life of a society.
          • Cultural diversity is the differences between cultures
          • Within every large culture there are smaller cultures within it .
            • These are called subcultures. They have different norms and values to mainstream society.
      • Identity
        • Identity is how we see ourselves and how others see us.
          • Our identities are shaped by those around us.
            • They are created through socialisation.
          • Gender identities are heavily bases on stereotypes.
  • Random
    • Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
    • Limitations
      • The sample may not represent the wider population.

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Sociology resources:

See all Sociology resources »See all Sociology Basics resources »