Royal Income
- Created by: KirstieY
- Created on: 08-05-17 10:46
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- Royal Income
- Taxation
- 10ths and 15ths
- Most common form of taxation. Countryfolk paid 1/15 of the value of their posessions and the townfolk paid 1/10
- Had a lot of issues - no flexibility, decreased population after the Black Death increased tax burden on survivors
- After 1344 the amount was fixed
- Most common form of taxation. Countryfolk paid 1/15 of the value of their posessions and the townfolk paid 1/10
- Henry VI introduced several taxes
- Parish Tax 1428
- Land Tax 1431
- Income Tax 1435
- 10ths and 15ths
- Rising Royal Debt
- Causes
- France and Belgium began to process their own wool - resulted in fall of wool trade for England and a serious loss of income
- Unusually high costs of defence - Hundred Years War and large rebellions like Glyndwr
- Maintaining French possessions
- Consequence
- Public criticism and rebellion - Cade's Rebellion 1450
- Difficulty in procuring taxation
- Difficulty in securing credit on favourable terms
- By 1450, Crown was in debt of £372k
- Mostly accumulated in the reign of Henry IV, Henry V and Henry VI
- Causes
- Land
- King theoretically owned all land - but had to respect hereditary rights of nobles to maintain stability
- Conquests abroad (i.e France) gave Kings opportunity to give out extra land
- Kings could make use of forfeiture - forcing a Lord guilty of treason to give up his lands
- Acts of Attainder would be passed in extreme cases - permanently disinherited nobles.
- Had to be used wisely - could encourage rebellion from nobles with nothing to lose
- Acts of Attainder would be passed in extreme cases - permanently disinherited nobles.
- Royal Demesne
- Lands directly held by the monarch - could be sometimes obliged to grant demesne.
- Kings had to try and avoid this whenever possible as royal income depended to an extent on their personal lands
- Lands directly held by the monarch - could be sometimes obliged to grant demesne.
- Customs duties
- There was an ancient custom charge of 6 shillings on wool trade
- Biggest regular source of income
- 1353 - additional subsidy on wool
- Decline in wool trade
- Partially due to trade recession between the 1420s and 80s
- Feudal dues
- Types of peasants
- Serfs were required to work for the Lord whose lands they lived one - had greatest restrictions and were the lowest social class
- Villeins rented small homes and were expected to spend some time working on lord's fields
- Freemen owed little to no service to the Lord and had a good degree of security and independence
- Villeins rented small homes and were expected to spend some time working on lord's fields
- Serfs were required to work for the Lord whose lands they lived one - had greatest restrictions and were the lowest social class
- Received from fees from tenants and 'right to the wardship of idiots'
- Not as significant as customs - 7% of income in 1433
- Types of peasants
- Taxation
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