Relationships 1 - p118-123
- Created by: emg02
- Created on: 06-01-21 09:24
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- Relationships 1
- Evolutionary explanations for partner preferences
- Sexual selection - Darwin 1871
- Anisogamy
- The basis of human reproductive behaviour
- Differences between male and female gametes (sex cells)
- The differences in gametes means there is no shortage in fertile males, but fertile women are a more rare "resource"
- Male gametes: small, highly mobile, created continuously in vast numbers from puberty onwards, take little energy to produce
- Female gametes: aka eggs or ova, relatively large, static produced at intervals for a limited number of fertile years, require significant energy to produce
- The differences in gametes means there is no shortage in fertile males, but fertile women are a more rare "resource"
- It gives rise to the 2 types of sexual selection. that differ across sexes
- Differences between male and female gametes (sex cells)
- The basis of human reproductive behaviour
- Inter-sexual selection
- This is the preferred selection strategy of the female
- Quality over quantiuty
- Trivers 1972 - Females make a greater investment of time, commitment and resources b4, during and after the birth of her offspring
- Both sexes are choosy but the wrong partner is more costly for females
- Trivers 1972 - Females make a greater investment of time, commitment and resources b4, during and after the birth of her offspring
- Quality over quantiuty
- Between the sexes
- Females want genetic fitness and resources
- Fisher 1930 - **** sons hypothesis: features passed to male offspring are that of "****" fathers and so traits are passed on so sons have a better chance of reproducing
- Females want genetic fitness and resources
- These are the strategies males use to select females or females to select males
- This is the preferred selection strategy of the female
- Intra-sexual selection
- Within each sex
- Strategies between females or males to be the one selected for the opposite sex - Male preference of strategy
- Quantity over quality (sperm)
- Winners characteristics are passed on
- Quantity over quality (sperm)
- Has caused DIMORPHISM = males and females look v different
- Concerns the selection of characteristics that aid successful reproduction - rather than survival
- Anisogamy
- ie. male peacock's tails are a sign of genetic fitness
- ie. Agressiveness in males to fight for females
- Sexual selection - Darwin 1871
- Factors affecting attraction: Self-disclosure
- Most important in the early stages of rlps
- We share our likes/dislikes, hopes + fears, interests + attitudes
- People reveal in layers and are careful about what they disclose
- Reciprocity
- Reis & Shaver 1988
- One you decide to reveal something, you hope your partner will too
- You hope your partner will respond in a rewarding way, with empathy & their thoughts
- Feelings should be disclosed
- There need to be balance of info
- You hope your partner will respond in a rewarding way, with empathy & their thoughts
- One you decide to reveal something, you hope your partner will too
- An exchange of personal info
- Reis & Shaver 1988
- Reciprocity
- Breadth & Depth
- The 2 elements of self-disclosure
- As breadth and depth increase in disclosure, partners become more committed
- Superficial, low risk info is disclosed mostly
- If we reveal too much too early, TMI occurs
- Possible threat to start of rlp
- If we reveal too much too early, TMI occurs
- Breadth can narrow as some topics become 'off limits'
- DEPENETRATION= dissatisfied partners disclose less as they disengage from rlp
- Superficial, low risk info is disclosed mostly
- Onion analogy
- As breadth and depth increase in disclosure, partners become more committed
- The 2 elements of self-disclosure
- People reveal in layers and are careful about what they disclose
- We share our likes/dislikes, hopes + fears, interests + attitudes
- Social Penetration theory - Altman & Taylor 1973
- The gradual process of revealing your inner self
- Involves reciprocal exchange of thoughts and feelings
- As trust builds, disclosure deepens and penetration gets deeper too
- Most important in the early stages of rlps
- Factors affecting attraction: Physical attractiveness
- Physical attractiveness
- Links to evol. theory: sexual selection
- Shackleford & Larsen 1997 - people with symmetrical faces were rated more attractive
- Honest signal of genetic fitness
- People are attracted to neotenous (baby-face) features such as largely separated and large eyes, delicate chin & small nose
- Features trigger positive caring instinct - valuable resource for women who want to reproduce
- Suggests good parenting skills if men are less "lean & skinny"
- Features trigger positive caring instinct - valuable resource for women who want to reproduce
- People are attracted to neotenous (baby-face) features such as largely separated and large eyes, delicate chin & small nose
- Honest signal of genetic fitness
- Matching Hypothesis - Walster" 1969
- We look for partners who're similar to us, physically & mentally
- The computer dance study
- Hypothesis not met= most attractive= most liked
- We choose attractiveness that matcher our own ie. 6/ 10
- We compromise
- We choose attractiveness that matcher our own ie. 6/ 10
- Hypothesis not met= most attractive= most liked
- Halo effect
- May be partially due to preconceived ideas about which personality traits are attractive and people must have
- This is almost universally positive
- This is the Physical Attractiveness Stereotype - a widely accepted view of attractive people
- Can cause a self-fulfilling prophecy
- May be partially due to preconceived ideas about which personality traits are attractive and people must have
- Physical attractiveness
- Evolutionary explanations for partner preferences
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