Recombinant DNA technology
- Created by: momotori_xx
- Created on: 08-03-19 11:01
View mindmap
- Recombinant DNA Technology
- The transfer of DNA fragments from one organism, or species, to another
- The transferred DNA can be translated within cells of new organism = universal code
- Conversion of mRNA to complementary DNA(cDNA), using reverse transcriptase
- Reverse transcriptase catalyses the formation of double stranded DNA from single stranded RNA
- Produces cDNA that acts as genes from extracted mRNA
- Reverse transcriptase catalyses the formation of double stranded DNA from single stranded RNA
- Using restriction enzymes to cut DNA fragments
- Restriction endonucleases cut DNA at specific sequences, leaving sticky ends
- Same endonucleases are used to cut 2 DNA fragments then the sticky ends will be complementary and attach
- Restriction endonucleases cut DNA at specific sequences, leaving sticky ends
- Creating gene with 'gene machine'
- Desired sequence is made. Produces oligonucleotides. These join to form larger DNA fragments
- In vitro
- In vivo
- Benefits
- Issues
- Industry -Sometimes GM foods can't be imported or produced - loss of profit - no labels, no choice
- The transfer of DNA fragments from one organism, or species, to another
- 1. Start with DNA sample, free nucleotides, primers and DNA polymerase
- 2. Heat to 95C to break H bonds and separate strands.
- 3. Cool to 55C to allow primers to bind to complementary bases on DNA
- 4. Heated to 72C for DNA polymerase to line up free nucleotides and create a new strand.
- 5. Repeat so more fragments are obtained
- 1. Plasmid and isolated gene are cut with same restriction enzyme, creating complementary sticky ends and joined by DNA ligase.
- 2. Vector with recombinant DNA must be incorporated into bacteria's DNA ( by infection)
- - Promoter and terminator sequence is added, or desired gene is not expressed
- 3. Gene marker ( e.g. fluorescent marker, antibiotic resistance marker or enzyme marker) is part of the plasmid. Therefore, plasmids with recombinant DNA are identified.
- Agriculture - Controls malnutrition, famine -Reduces use of pesticides - Cost effective
- Industry - Biological catalysts are produced in large amounts from transformed organisms
- Medicine - Drugs, vaccines are made quickly, in large amounts and cheaply
- Medicine - Could be used unethically - Less money available for resources
- Agriculture - Could be resistant to herbicides - Prone to diseases
Comments
No comments have yet been made