Problem solving
- Created by: Chloe
- Created on: 26-04-15 23:31
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- Problem Solving
- Problem: Occurs when there is an obstacle between a present state & a goal & it is not immediately obvious how to get around the obstacle.
- 1)It is purposeful, goal directed action 2)It does not involve automatic processes, but relies on cognitive processes 3)It is only a ‘problem’ if the solution is not available immediately.
- Problem solving as reconstructing: (1) Reproductive thinking: involving re use of previous experience (2) Productive thinking: involving a novel reconstructing of the problem
- Stages: (1) Representing the original problem in the mind (2) Reorganizing or restructuring the problem to solve it.
- Problem solving & Insight: Occurs during productive thinking when the problem is suddenly reconstructed & the solution becomes clear.
- Problem solving as restructuring: •Functional Fixedness - ideas about an objects functions can inhibit the usefulness of an object in another manner. •Mental set: inability to respond differently to similar problems after using the same stratagy
- Problem solving as search: Desire to reduce the difference between initial state and goal state.
- •Initial state (Start condition of a problem) •Goal state (End condition of a problem) •Intermediate states (Conditions that exist along the way from start to end) •Operators (Possible moves that can be made to get from one state to another)
- Analogical Problem solving: •Analogy: occur when there are parallels between two different situations •Analogical problem solving is a way to restructure a problem in a parallel fashion
- Three steps to understand analogy between problems: (1) Noticing the analogous relationship (2) Mapping the correspondance between source & target problems (3) Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution
- Problem: Occurs when there is an obstacle between a present state & a goal & it is not immediately obvious how to get around the obstacle.
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