Germany under Bismarck 1871-90
- Created by: GalleyGirl
- Created on: 02-04-17 21:15
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- Germany under Bismark 1871-90
- Domestic
- Maintain conservative Germanic (Prussian) nationalism.
- 'Germanizatiogovernment tried to 'germanize' states national minorities. Especially ruthless towards Poles.
- Kulturkampf 1871, felt since population expanded and one 1/3 Catholicism growing threat. Especially as party became largest in Reichstag
- Many Bishops and Priests exiled, 1872 Jesuits exiled, 1873 May Laws- curtailed disciplinary powers of church, all religious appointments subject to state approval.1875 civil ceremonies required for weddings.
- Kulturkampf stopped in 1878, Bismarck alarmed as secularists and socialists use to attack all religion. Also needed Catholic Centre Party votes in battle against Socialism.
- Many Bishops and Priests exiled, 1872 Jesuits exiled, 1873 May Laws- curtailed disciplinary powers of church, all religious appointments subject to state approval.1875 civil ceremonies required for weddings.
- Socialism growing among working classes, unhappy with falling living standards. Worried Bismark
- 1878- Anti-Socialist Laws. Meetings forbidden, leaders arrested. But socialists ran as independent candidates, support continued to grow.
- So in 1880's created social insurance programs. old
age pensions, accident insurance, medical care and unemploymen insurance!
- Won support of industry, gained support of workers and reduced emigration rates to America. And won support of Centre Party.
- So in 1880's created social insurance programs. old
age pensions, accident insurance, medical care and unemploymen insurance!
- 1878- Anti-Socialist Laws. Meetings forbidden, leaders arrested. But socialists ran as independent candidates, support continued to grow.
- Maintain conservative Germanic (Prussian) nationalism.
- Foreign relations
- Keep France isolated to avoid war on two fronts, improve general diplomatic relations.
- Russia
- 1873- Dreikaiserbun League of three emperors.
- Austria
- Dual alliance 1879
- Triple alliance 1882 (with Italy) Also made Mediterranea agreement/
- Britain pleased as limited Russian expansionism
- Austria
- 1978- Treaty of Berlin. After Russia's victory over Ottoman Empire
- Bismarck and other European leaders worried by growth of Russian influence. Strained relations.
- Relations strained due to German protectionist trade policies.
- Dreikaiserbun fell apart.
- Bismarck and other European leaders worried by growth of Russian influence. Strained relations.
- So to avoid encirclement, Bismarck made Reinsurance Treaty of 1887 (wouldn't go to war unless G. attacked France or R. attacked Austria)
- Dreikaiserbun fell apart.
- 1873- Dreikaiserbun League of three emperors.
- Austria
- Dual alliance 1879
- Triple alliance 1882 (with Italy) Also made Mediterranea agreement/
- Britain pleased as limited Russian expansionism
- Colonialism
- Russia
- Was against colonialism, viewed as economic drain and pointless antagonism. But under public and elite pressure, did expand empire a bit in Africa.
- Keep France isolated to avoid war on two fronts, improve general diplomatic relations.
- Economic
- Alsace-Lorraine is Europe’s largest Iron Ore Deposits+ French indemnity payments= Boom in Germany's economy.
- Banks provide capital for new railways (double in number), electricity, chemicals etc.
- National currency introduced Reich bank created Standardisati
- Bismark wanted to manage economy, to maintain economic growth and expand strength
- 1873- Long depression in Europe and America. Downturn hit the German economy
- 1879- to aid faltering industries instead of free trade Bismark uses established protectionist tariffs (taxes on imports protecting German agriculture and industry from foreign competitors)
- Banks and larger businesses survived the crisis – industrializati and urbanization continued to increase
- But Liberals displeased by Protectionist policies.
- 1873- Long depression in Europe and America. Downturn hit the German economy
- Alsace-Lorraine is Europe’s largest Iron Ore Deposits+ French indemnity payments= Boom in Germany's economy.
- Political
- Very conservative, leading positions nearly always held by Prussian junker (elite)
- Control the Reichstag
- Military
- 80% of federal expenditure on army
- Army essentially Prussian all loyal to Prussian Kaiser
- Domestic
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