Plots & Revolts At Home
- Created by: Hattie2106
- Created on: 15-10-18 18:11
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- Plots & Revolts At Home
- The Revolt of the Northern Earls - 1569
- The majority of people living in the North remained loyal to Catholicism.
- The Earls & their followers wanted a Catholic England.
- The Earls had lost much of their influence at court - they resented the new men (RD, JF, WC)
- Uncertainty about an heir or marriage.
- Rebels
- Earl of Westmorland i.e Charles Neville
- Earl of Northumberland i.e Thomas Percy
- Duke of Norfolk i.e Thomas Howard who planned to marry MQofS
- Their wives encouraged them.
- RD told Elizabeth of the plot, leading to Norfolk's imprisonment in the Tower.
- Took control of Durham Cathedral, celebrating mass.
- Support from Spain never arrived.
- Many (Northern) landowners did not support the revolt - remaining loyal & did not risk losing wealth.
- Showed MQofS could not be trusted - remained in prison.
- Pope excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570.
- Her control over the North was strengthened.
- The majority of people living in the North remained loyal to Catholicism.
- Ridolfi Plot - 1571
- Roberto Ridolfi was an Italian banker who lived in England & worked as a spy for the Pope.
- Plans were similar to the RoftNE but aimed to kill Elizabeth.
- Ridolfi travelled to TN to discuss plot with Pope, Phillip II & the Duke of Alba.
- Phillip II instructed DofA (Governor of TN) to prepare 10,000 troops
- SWC discovered the plot proving the DofN was guilty of high treason.
- By June 1572 he was sentenced to death, many MP demanded MQofS death too but did not due to her moral code of the 'Anointed Monarch'
- Executing Mary would anger Catholics & possibly unite two big Catholic monarchies - FRANCE & SPAIN.
- The government now began to monitor Catholics more closely, treating them more severely
- Throckmorton Plot - 1583
- Duke of Guise, Mary's cousin.
- Phillip II & Pope offered support / money.
- SFW, E's Secretary of State, discovered the plot.
- Francis Throckmorton's house revealed papers showing his part in the conspiracy. Executed in May 1584.
- T's papers revealed a list of Catholic conspirators.
- 1585 Act - Made helping or sheltering Priests a capital punishment.
- Babington Plot - 1586
- Phillip II & Pope support
- DofG would invade, murder E & put MQoS on the throne.
- Anthony Babington wrote to Mary about the conspiracy.
- SFW intercepted & read Babington's letters to Mary
- Babington & plotters were hanged, drawn & quartered.
- 1587, Mary was executed
- By 1585, Spain & England were virtually at war.
- The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots - 1587
- Mary was involved in all 4 plots.
- The Act for the Queen's Safety provided for the trial and death or exclusion from the succession of anyone involved in an invasion, rebellion, or plot against the Queen - 1584
- Mary had a Catholic heir, threatening Protestant succession.
- Rumours of invasion from Spain.
- Mary was an anointed monarch, making Elizabeth and heir heirs more vulnerable in the future.
- Removed threat to Elizabeth as no one would replace her.
- Increased chances of a civil war on her death.
- Walsingham's Spies
- Provided intellginece, defeating two plots
- Deterred further plots.
- Some agents were paid & trained.
- Network in every town.
- Spies abroad - Spain, France, Germany, Italy, North Africa.
- Used ciphers (codes) in all messages.
- Used torture & execution for serious cases.
- The Revolt of the Northern Earls - 1569
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