Elizabethan England

Act of Uniformity

Establish appearance of the church & religious services (people have to attend)

The Royal Injuctions

Set of instructions to reinforce AOS & AOU (how to worship & how services held)

The Book of Common Prayer

Introduce set church services in all churches (clergy follow prayer book or punishment)

Ecclesiatical High Commission

Keep discipline in church & enforce settlement

Act of Supremacy

Elizabeth was supreme governer of the church of England (clergy & officials swear oath)

Case against Mary set up

-Love letter implicating Mary of the murder of Darnley

-Mary says she can't be tried as she is an anointed monarch

-Mary refused to give a plea unless guaranteed innocence

-Elizabeth refused but did not hand her over for trial

Did not reach verdict

Mary stayed in England (remained a threat)

Catholics wanted to still replace her with Mary

-Mary would marry the Duke of Norfolk, depose Elizabeth & become Queen

-Robert Dudley told Elizabeth (Norfolk arrested & imprisoned)

-Mary moved to stop her from joining rebels

-rebels caught 

-spanish never arrive

Fail

Spain don't arrive

People didn't want to risk losing wealth through a revolt

-Roberto Ridolfi= spy for Pope

-Ridolfi plan to murder Elizabeth (Mary becomes Queen & Mary Duke of Norfolk)

-set up Spanish invasion

-R. had letter saying Duke of Norfolk was Catholic & lead rebellion with Phillip 2's support

-Phillip instructed ten thousand troops across English channel

-Cecil discovered plot (Norfolk guilty of high treason)

-Parliment demand execution of Mary & Norfolk

Elizabeth signs Norfolk's death warrant

Reluctant to punish Mary

-Mary's cousin (Duke of Guise) invade England, overthrow Elizabeth & make England Catholic

-Phillip offered to pay for revolt

-Pope approved of revolt

-Thromorton passed letter between Mary & plotters

Fail

Walsingham discovers plot (papers in Throckmorton's house)

Throckmorton arreseted, tortured & executed

-Duke of Guise invade England, murder Elizabeth, put Mary on the throne

-Phillip & Pope support plan

-Babington wrote to Mary about plot

-Walsingham intercepts showing the awareness of Mary in plots

Babington & plotter sentenced to death

Mary sentenced to death (delayed decision)

Religious Conflict

-Phillip wanted Catholic monarch (Armada was chance)

-Papacy allowed it( Elizabeth excommunicated) & Pope promised forgiveness

Politics & Diplomacy

-Treaty of joinville (allow Spain to start war without war with France)

-Treaty of Nonsuch ( English soldiers at war with Spain) justification

Acts of Povocation

-Drake's actions= threaten Spanish commercial interest

-support of Dutch rebels= challenge to Spanish interests

Changing circumstances- Spain aqquired ships, Elizabeth support rebels, Parma success

28th July

Armada spotted in English Channel

31st July

Battle of Plymouth 

2 Spanish ships captured

3rd-4th August

Battle of the Isle of Wight

Spanish outgunnedd by English & forced to move up channel (towards Calais)

8th August

Battle of Gravelines

Fireships= Spanish panic & Spanish don't join Duke of Parma (shattered)

Parish School(up to age 10)

-set up in chruches taught by clergy (taught basic literacy to children)

Petty School(up to age 10)

-run privately at home (attended by children yeomans, gentry, merchants & craftsmen)

Grammar School(boys 10 to 14)

-education provided by church (charged fees) 

-boys taught languages, the Bible & philosophy (sons of yeomans & craftsmen taught reading, writing & maths)

Private Tutors

-education delivered to members of nobility in household

Universities(14 to 15 onwards)

-Two universities to study geomertry, music, philosphy rhetoric medicine etc.

Poor Rate (continuity)

Local tax to improve lives of poor

Charity (continutity)

Local wealthy people gave their names to charitable foundations

Statute of Artificers, 1563 (progressive)

Refusal to pay poor rate= prison & penalty

1576 Poor Relief Act (progressive)

JPs required to provide poor with resources (enable to sell) poor refuse= imprisonment

1572 Vagabonds Act

Vagrants would be whipped, imprisoned or given death penalty

introduced national poor rate to provide support

1584

Raleigh plans colonisation & sends team to explore Virginia & report back

1585

Colonisation begins (107 men sent to Roanoke, Virginia)

1586

Surviving colonists leave unable to feed themselves with indian resistance

1587

New England colonists return & set up colony in Roanoke

1590

English sailors arrive & discover Roanoke has been abandonned (colonist disappeared)