Phobias
- Created by: Ellie504
- Created on: 19-05-16 17:15
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- Phobias
- 'A persistent, disproportion-ate and irrational fear of a specific object or situation which disrupts every day life.'
- The feared object or situation presents little or no danger, is irrational, but causes fear and panic.
- Common Symptoms
- Increased Sweating
- Accelerated Heart Rate
- Diversion of blood flow to the skeletal muscles
- Panic Attack
- Types of Phobia
- Specific - an intense or irrational fear of a particular item or situation.
- Social - persistant, irrational fear of social situations
- Agoraphobia - fear of having a panic attack in a public place.
- Biological Theory
- Phobias are innate. They seem to run in families.
- Vulnerability theory
- Genotype for phobias - inherited. Shown in the person's Phenotype in later life.
- Eyesenck (1957) - overactive ANS
- No clear link found - inaccurate?
- Fyer et al (1995) - 1st degree relatives
- Preparedness theory
- Torgesen (1983) - concordance in agoraphobia
- Evaluations
- Heavily reductionist
- Very determinist
- People develop them without genetic background.
- Ecological validity lacking in some studies.
- Cognitive Theory
- Association and Avoidance
- Focus on mental processes
- Dysfunctional thinking
- Automatic negative thoughts
- Overgenerali-sations
- Catastrophis-ing
- Underestimate their ability to cope!
- Deemed effective as supported by evidence
- Tomarken - snakes and trees!
- But that evidence is limited. Eco Validity?
- Evalutations
- Deemed effective as supported by evidence
- Tomarken - snakes and trees!
- But that evidence is limited. Eco Validity?
- Too reductionist.
- Ignores genetics
- Difficulty establishing cause and effect
- Helpful treatments - CBT
- Deemed effective as supported by evidence
- Behavioural Theory
- Phobias must be learned as we are born blank slates.
- Mowrer - two process theory - CC and OC
- Watson and Rayner (1920) - Little Albert
- Case study - limitations.
- Evaluations
- Too reductionist.
- Doesnt take into account genetics
- Doesnt take into account cognition.
- Well supported by evidence
- Effective treatments - Flooding
- PsychD Theory
- Result from unconscious processes
- Displacement Defence Mechanism!
- Becomes a specific phobia.
- Whilst protecting us from more deviant unconscious
- Becomes a specific phobia.
- Seperation Anxiety
- Agoraphobia
- Little Hans
- Evaluations
- Little Hans better explained by conditioning.
- Vagueness! Unscientific
- Good applications - D.A, F.A
- 'A persistent, disproportion-ate and irrational fear of a specific object or situation which disrupts every day life.'
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