PERIODIC TABLE AND ENERGY 2

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  • Created by: GummyBear
  • Created on: 14-03-17 17:24
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  • PERIODIC TABLE AND ENERGY
    • GROUP 2
      • Magnesium and steam - gas released that when lit has a orange flame (hydrogen), bright white flame and white powder left
        • Mg(s) + H2o (g) = MgO (s) +H2 (g)
      • Magnesium and hydrochloric acid- fizzing and increase in temperature of test tube, squeaky pop when gas lit (hydrogen), magnesium fully dissolved to colourless solution
        • Mg(s) +2HCL(aq) = MgCL2 (aq) + H2 (g)
      • Magnesium and Oxygen - very intense bright white light, white powder left of MgO
        • 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) = 2MgO (s)
      • REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN GROUP - distance between nucleus and outermost electron increases, electrons added to new shells, increased shielding, nuclear charge increases but is outweighed, outer electrons lode more easily
      • GROUP 2 OXIDES - react with water to form hydroxide, sparingly soluble, solubility increases down the group, pH increases
        • MgO (s) + H2O (l) = Mg(OH)2 (aq)
          • pH 8/9 - medicinal milk and magnesium to neutralise excess stomach acid
            • Mg (OH)2(aq) + 2HCL(aq) = MgCL2 (aq) + 2H2O(l)
        • CaO(s) + H20(l) = Ca (OH)2 (aq)
          • slaked lime to neutralise acidic soil
          • CaCO3 = chalk and antacid remedies
            • CaCO3(s) + 2HCL(aq) = CaCL2 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
          • Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2HCL (aq) = CaCL2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
    • OXIDATION NUMBERS
      • RULES
        • 1 - the sum of all the oxidation numbers a neutral compound is 0
        • 2 - the oxidation number of an atom of an element is 0
        • 3 - in compounds, Hydrogen is always +1, in metal hydrides it is -1
        • 4 - in comp, Oxygen is always -2, in peroxides it is -1
        • 5 - the oxidation number of a simple ion is equal to the charge on the ion
        • 6 - the sum of oxidation numbers in a molecular ion is equal to the charge on the ion
      • OXIDATION = LOSS OF ELECTRONS AND INCREASE IN OXIDATION NUMBER
      • REDUCTION = GAIN OF ELECTRONS AND DECREASE IN OXIDATION NUMBER
      • Oxidation states
        • Use of roman numerals to represent oxidation states - roman numeral is placed after the element it refers to

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