How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?
by increasing atomic (proton number)
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What is periodicity?
trends or recurring variations in element properties with increasing atomic number
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What is a group?
vertical column // elements in a group have similar chemical properties and their atoms have the same number of outer shell electrons
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What is a period?
horizontal row // elements show repeating trends in physical and chemical properties // have same number of shells
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How do ionisation energies change across a period?
ionisation energy increases // nuclear charge increases as more protons ATOMIC RADII DECREASE// all extra electrons at roughly the same energy level// generally little shielding
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How do ionisation energies change across a period?
decreases// larger radius so more shielding, greater nuclear charge
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Describe the ionisation energies of periods 2 and 3
electrons being added into the same shell // atomic radii decrease, greater nuclear attraction //
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Describe the melting and boiling points of elements in period 3
increases from 1-4, decreases from 4-8// metallic bonding from Na to Al// Si macromolecular bonding as increases// Cl onwards simple molecular VdW forces
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Describe the melting and boiling points of elements in period 2
increases Li, Be metallic bonding to macromolecular B,C// N O gases to molecular weaker VdW
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is periodicity?
Back
trends or recurring variations in element properties with increasing atomic number
Card 3
Front
What is a group?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is a period?
Back
Card 5
Front
How do ionisation energies change across a period?
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