Opposition to the Tsarist System of Government
- Created by: A. Person
- Created on: 11-07-14 17:11
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- Opposition to the Tsarist System
- Reasons for Opposition
- Long history of opposition
- The 'People's Will' assassinated Alexander II in 1881
- Growing middle class
- Wanted constitutional government and political freedom
- Peasants and workers wanted higher living standards
- They had an 11.5 hour work day
- Taxes had been raised by Witte
- Terrible living conditions in cities
- Certain groups supported the ideas of Karl Marx
- Long history of opposition
- Marxism
- Marx argued that capitalism resulted in exploitation of workers
- Eventually workers would rise up
- Resulting in a communist society - fairer, no class struggle
- Appealing to working-class Russians, due to accelerated industrialisation
- Resulting in a communist society - fairer, no class struggle
- Eventually workers would rise up
- Marx argued that capitalism resulted in exploitation of workers
- Political Opposition Groups
- The Social Democratic Party
- Marxist
- Established 1898
- Failed to agree on party organisation or strategy
- 1903: the party split into two groups
- Bolsheviks
- Led by Lenin
- Believed that a revolution could only be brought about by a small, secretive, elite group of dedicated communist revolutionaries.
- Mensheviks
- Believed that a revolution should be carried out by a large party open to the whole working class
- Bolsheviks
- 1903: the party split into two groups
- The Socialist Revolutionaries
- Drew on some ideas of Marxism
- Led by Victor Chernov
- Focused on attracting support of peasants
- Has no coherent long term plan or organisation
- Used terrorism
- Assassinated Plehve, Minister of the Interior
- 1904
- Assassinated Plehve, Minister of the Interior
- The Liberals
- Industrialisation led to a growing middle class
- Many supported liberalism
- Wanted a Western European style deomocracy
- Demands for a new political constitution
- Ignored by Nicholas II before 1905
- Many supported liberalism
- Rejected Marxism
- Early 20th century
- Liberal politicians more aggressive in their demands
- Pavel Miliukov and Pyotr Struve
- Demanded political freedoms, eg. press freedom
- 1904
- Struve organised public protests
- Pavel Miliukov and Pyotr Struve
- Liberal politicians more aggressive in their demands
- 1905 (October Manifesto)
- After 1905 revolution, liberals divided
- Octobrists
- No further significant demands for reform
- Kadets
- Wanted futher reforms after 1905
- Octobrists
- After 1905 revolution, liberals divided
- Industrialisation led to a growing middle class
- The Social Democratic Party
- Reasons for Opposition
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