Impact of the Civil War, 1918-21
- Created by: palazlifatmanur
- Created on: 26-09-16 20:54
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- The Impact of the Civil War (1918-21)
- The Russian Civil War
- Battle between Communist Reds and reactionary Whites
- Senior members of army wanted to re-establish Tsarist rule- others wanted military dictatorship or a democratic system
- SR's & Mensheviks wanted more democratic type of socialist government. Anarchists wanted to abolish government altogether
- First signs of conflict in Jan 1918- General Kornilov organised anti-Bolshevikarmy
- SR's and liberals set up rival government & other SR's tried to revive Constituent Assembly
- Full scale Civil War broke out in Summer 1918
- Summer 1919 Red Army started to win the war
- Building the Red Army
- Lenin abolished election system in army & Tsarists generals put back in charge
- Outrage among idealists
- Army became a disciplined and successful fighting force
- Lenin abolished election system in army & Tsarists generals put back in charge
- Red Terror
- Dec 1917- creation of Cheka
- Raiding anarchist organisations, closing down opposition newspapers, expelling Menshevik and SR's
- Willing to imprison, torture, kill
- Dec 1917- creation of Cheka
- The Emergence of a 'Party-State'
- Based on the Communist Party
- Lenin relied on Politburo - effectively became the government of Russia
- Communist Party dominance emerged at a local level
- 1921- two parallel structures: Communist Party and the soviet-state.
- Government during the Civil War
- Primary objective during Civil War: ensure survival of the new government
- Government changed in two ways:
- Government became increasingly centralised
- Communist Party increasingly powerful
- Centralisation of power:
- Centralised control of economy- policy of War Communism
- Political centralisation- nomenklatura - terror to suppress opposition
- Red Army more authoritarian - introduced conscription, harsh punishments, Tsarists generals
- Took power from the workers, peasants and soldiers
- The changing nature of the Communist Party
- 1921 - no longer government of workers, peasants and soldiers
- The Russian Civil War
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