Visual representation of Napoleon's rise to power
- Created by: Katherine
- Created on: 04-02-21 00:35
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- 1799 Constitution
- Plebiscite Law of 1800
- Constitution of 1802
- Constitution of 1804
- Undemocratic
- Napoleon became Emperor
- This was hereditary within his family
- Did not include the army in the plebiscite as they had not supported Napoleon previously
- The Tribunate and Legislature became increasingly less powerful – the Tribunate were abolished in 1808 and the Legislature were forced to support Napoleon in order to prevent the same fate
- Democratic
- Ratified this with a plebiscite
- Undemocratic
- Democratic
- All adult men could meet to elect members to the departmental colleges
- Universal male suffrage is impressive when compared to England
- Undemocratic
- They could only choose from a selection of the richest men
- Rewarded the property owning class whilst neglecting those who didn’t, as Napoleon gave them favours and bought their support
- Napoleon became consul for life and was able to choose his own successor
- Reduced the power of the Tribunate and the Legislature
- Constitution of 1804
- Undemocratic
- The constitution had already been established so the plebiscite was just a formality
- The ballot was not secret so numbers were influenced by malpractice and intimidation
- The numbers were manipulated before being published – possibly the votes in favour were almost doubled
- Historians think as many as 8 million people could vote – less than half of whom did so
- Government promised to burn the electoral records, but didn't always
- Democratic
- In theory, highly democratic as the people would be given a say
- Officially 3 million votes in favour and just 1562 votes against – would suggest overwhelming support for Napoleon
- Untitled
- Constitution of 1802
- Democratic
- Election did provide universal male suffrage (although it was too inefficient to be effective)
- Limited to each consul’s time in power – only supposed to be consul for ten years
- Senate had some influence – selected the members of the legislative bodies (tribunate and legislature) – so it wasn’t just Napoleon
- Legislature could vote on legislation by secret ballot, although they couldn’t discuss it
- The Council of State chose major central and local government officials
- Undemocratic
- The constitution was achieved through a coup rather than being elected
- Created by the consuls rather than the Standing Committees
- Napoleon had complete control as first consul, whilst second and third consuls were merely consultative
- No elections, just presentations of candidates who were chosen by notables
- First consul nominated the senators and chose the Council of State members
- First consul initiated all legislation through the Council of State or the Senate, declared war and made peace.
- Napoleon increased the number of senators from 80 to 140, nominating men who would support him and be eager to please
- Plebiscite Law of 1800
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