Milgram (1963)
- Created by: anastasia1470
- Created on: 06-01-19 16:56
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- Milgram (1963)
- Participants
- 40 males
- aged between 20 and 50
- from New Haven area New York, USA
- obtained through newspaper advertisement
- volunteer sample
- told the study was to test memory and learning
- paid $4.50 for taking part
- the money was theirs to keep no matter what happened inside the lab
- Method
- laboratory experiment
- + high control
- - low ecological validty
- laboratory experiment
- Design
- independent measures
- + no order effects
- - participant variables
- independent measures
- Procedure
- 4) the shock machine had 30 switches with the lowest voltage at 15V and the highest 450V. Each time the confederate answered wrong the ppt would move up an increment
- 3) the ppt had to ask the confederate a series of questions and everytime he got one wrong, the ppt had to administer a shock
- 2) taken into separate rooms where the apparatus was set up however the ppt saw the confederate be strapped into the supposedly live shocking equipment
- 1) participant and confederate told to choose role as either teacher or learner - the ppt was always the teacher
- 5) there was another researcher in the room with the ppt. their job was to give anumber of verbal prods that were standardised if the ppt expressed concern
- prod 1: 'please continue' or 'please go on'
- prod 2: 'the experiment requires that you continue'
- prod 3: 'it is absolutely essential that you continue'
- prod 4: 'you have no other choice, you must go on'
- 6) if the confederate didn't answer within 10 seconds, its was treated as incorrect and a shock was given.
- Results
- 100% of participants carried on to a 300volt shock
- 5 of the 40 stopped here
- 26 of 40 participants went to 450volts - the highest voltage
- participants showed signs of extreme tension through: sweating, trembling, stuttering, biting their lips and groaning.
- 14 showed stress through nervous laughter and smiling
- 3 participants had full blown seizures
- 100% of participants carried on to a 300volt shock
- Evaluation
- Research Method
- although it had a dependant variable (either obedient or not) and controls (standardised procedure) it didn't have an independent variable
- Data
- used quantitative data - percent of ppts who obeyed
- Ethics
- incredibly unethical - no debrief, high deception, no informed consent, no protection from harm, no withdrawl
- Validity
- low ecological validity
- Reliability
- highly replicable due to standardised procedure
- Sample
- all males, all from New Haven, NY, USA, all from lower or lower middle class
- Research Method
- Participants
- Procedure
- 4) the shock machine had 30 switches with the lowest voltage at 15V and the highest 450V. Each time the confederate answered wrong the ppt would move up an increment
- 3) the ppt had to ask the confederate a series of questions and everytime he got one wrong, the ppt had to administer a shock
- 2) taken into separate rooms where the apparatus was set up however the ppt saw the confederate be strapped into the supposedly live shocking equipment
- 1) participant and confederate told to choose role as either teacher or learner - the ppt was always the teacher
- 5) there was another researcher in the room with the ppt. their job was to give anumber of verbal prods that were standardised if the ppt expressed concern
- prod 1: 'please continue' or 'please go on'
- prod 2: 'the experiment requires that you continue'
- prod 3: 'it is absolutely essential that you continue'
- prod 4: 'you have no other choice, you must go on'
- 6) if the confederate didn't answer within 10 seconds, its was treated as incorrect and a shock was given.
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