Medicine through time- mind map

Created by: Grace
Created on: 04-12-12 16:46

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Medicine Through Time
- Hippocrates
  - Four humours
    - Regression
      - Some ideas could worsen problem , ie. infection
      - Incorrect Idea
      - Held medicine back for 2000 years
        People had faith in his ideas,
    - Progression
      - Follows patterns of four, eg. seasons
      - Encouragement to change lifestyle
      - Moving away from supernatural ideas
      - Beginnings of clinical observation
    - Four bodily fluids
    - Had to be kept in balance
  - Wrote Books
    - So ideas could be passed along
  - Hippocratic Oath
    - Still used in medicine today
  - Natural Ideas
  - Ancient Greek Doctor
- Galen
  - Theory of opposites
    - Treating patients with opposites
    - eg. treating a fever with extreme cold
  - Greek
  - Worked at a gladiator school
  - Traveled to gain knowledge
  - Became doctor to greek emperor
- Black Death
  - Believed Causes
    - Bad smells (miasma)
    - Aliment of planets
    - Drinking from poisoned wells
    - Touching a victim
    - Four humors imbalanced
    - Actual cause
      - Black Death
        Believed Causes
        Bad smells (miasma)
        
        Aliment of planets
        
        Drinking from poisoned wells
        
        Touching a victim
        
        Four humors imbalanced
        
        Actual cause
        Fleas on rats
        
        From Asia
        
        Travelling on ships
        
        Infesting towns, infecting victims
        
        Symptoms
        Death within 7days
        
        Black spots
        Hence name
        
        Swollen glands
        Buboes
        
        Armpits,groin ect
        
        Fever
        
        Treatments
        Leeches
        
        Wise women
        
        Barber surgeons
        Surgeries and Operations
        
        Worms
        On a stick
        
        Soup
        
        Running Away
        
        Flagellents
      - Fleas on rats
      - From Asia
      - Travelling on ships
      - Infesting towns, infecting victims
  - Symptoms
    - Death within 7days
    - Black spots
      - Hence name
    - Swollen glands
      - Buboes
      - Armpits,groin ect
    - Fever
  - Treatments
    - Leeches
    - Wise women
    - Barber surgeons
      - Surgeries and Operations
    - Worms
      - On a stick
      - Soup
    - Running Away
    - Flagellents
- Middle Ages
  - Language barriers
    - Prevented new ideas
  - Women
    - Housewife Physicians
    - Midwives
    - Wise women
    - Prosecuted for working as doctors
    - Like doctors, but cheaper
    - Qualified doctors often asked for their help
  - Physicians
    - Trained at university
      - Run by churches
    - No 'hands on' training
- Renaissance
  - Rebirth
  - New inventions
    - Art
      - Became more realistic
    - Trade
    - operating theatres
      - observe operations
  - Versalius
    - Studied in Paris
      - Met artists, dissecting bodies
    - On the fabric of the human body
      - Book
        Paintings of anatomy
    - Came from family of physicians
    - Proved galen wrong
      - Liver- two lobes not five
      - Heart- no holes
    - people began thinking for themselves
    - However
      - No treatments made
  - William Harvey
    - Through lots of disections
    - Also challenged Galens ideas
      - Built upon versalius'
    - However
      - Ideas not respected- like Galens
      - Didnt actually cure anyone
  - Physicians and hostpitals
    - diagnosis by urine
    - Trainees frequently disected
      - medical schools set up
      - Trained by professionals
    - Charities began to set hostpitals back up
      - After Henery VIII shut them down
        Public funded
        Hostpitals mainly for the poor
- Industrial Revolution
  - Urbanisation
    - living conditions were poor
      - Disease easily spread
      - Unsanitary
    - Heavily poluted
      - Breathing problems
    - Cramped
  - Government
    - Sewers were unfinished
      - dirty water- spread disease
    - Poor were related to disease
  - War
    - Better nursing care
      - Better outcomes for patients
    - Dead bodies examined
    - Enchanced knowledge on tropical diseases
    - Sophisticated Weaponary
  - New Technologies
    - Better steel
      - More precise equipment
      - More instruments
    - Glass
      - Microscopes
        Can see bacteria
    - Steam power
      - Faster trains
        Scientists can travel
- Killer diseases in 19th centrury
  - TB (tuberculosis)
    - Spread through coughing
      - Sometimes spread through unpasteurised milk
    - Coughing up blood
    - Chest pains
    - Weight loss
    - All ages
    - urbanisation
      - Helped disease spread quickly and effectively
  - Cholera
    - Contaminated water
    - Diarrhoea
    - Sickness
    - Dehydration
      - Death
    - All ages
    - Urbanisation
      - More people
        More contamination
        More death
  - Diptheria
    - mainly children
    - Spread through moisture
    - Paralysis
    - Bleeding
    - Blocking of the throat
      - Suffocation
    - Urbanisation helped spreading
  - Whooping Cough
    - Spread by moisture
    - Cough
    - Sickness
    - Death
- Jenner
  - Small Pox
    - Spread through moisture
    - Pus filled blisters
    - Killed lots of children
  - Inoculation
    - Giving patient inactive disease
    - Lady mary Wortley Montague
    - Rubbing pus into a cut
    - Causing body to develop antibodies again disease
    - Expensive
  - vaccination
    - Cowpox
    - Milk maids never got small pox
    - Weaker realted illness
  - Government funded
  - Spread word
- Germ Theory
  - Koch
    - specific bacteria
      - causing specific disease
        Anthrax
  - Pasteur
    - Real discoveries
      - Koch
        specific bacteria
        causing specific disease
        Anthrax
    - Came up with idea of germs
    - Microscopes
    - Leads to
      - Antibiotics
      - Health schemes
      - Longer life expectancy
  - Developments in glass
  - Making it possible to find cures
    - vaccinations
Hippocrates
- Four humours
  - Regression
    - Some ideas could worsen problem , ie. infection
    - Incorrect Idea
    - Held medicine back for 2000 years
      - People had faith in his ideas,
  - Progression
    - Follows patterns of four, eg. seasons
    - Encouragement to change lifestyle
    - Moving away from supernatural ideas
    - Beginnings of clinical observation
  - Four bodily fluids
  - Had to be kept in balance
- Wrote Books
  - So ideas could be passed along
- Hippocratic Oath
  - Still used in medicine today
- Natural Ideas
- Ancient Greek Doctor
Language barriers
- Prevented new ideas
Taught ideas of Galen and Hippocrates
- Trained at university
  - Run by churches
Printing press
- New inventions
  - Art
    - Became more realistic
  - Trade
  - operating theatres
    - observe operations
- Printed books
Printed books
Met artists, dissecting bodies
Discovered how blood circulated the body
- William Harvey
  - Through lots of disections
  - Also challenged Galens ideas
    - Built upon versalius'
  - However
    - Ideas not respected- like Galens
    - Didnt actually cure anyone
- Discovered valves
Scientists can travel

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Medicine through time- mind map

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