Lipids Mindmap
- Created by: hannah.thornton
- Created on: 14-10-16 10:14
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- Lipids
- Fatty Acids
- Consists of one carboxyl group at the end of a hydrocarbon with at least 4 carbons.
- Mainly hydrophobic
- Dehydration synthesis reactions form an ester linkage between the COOH group and OH group of an alchohol.
- Can be saturated or unsaturated.
- Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids have significant effects on dietary fat appearance, taste, digestion and human health.
- Phospholipids
- Phospholipids form a lipid membrane protecting the cells by providing a selective barrier that regulates the movement inside and out of the cell.
- They are slightly insoluble in water with one or more polar functional group.
- The mainly hydrophobic structure makes most fats insoluble in water.
- However phospholipids have a special monomer (strongly polar or ionic phosphate) that adds solubility to one end of the lipid.
- Includes two fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.
- Attached to the third hydroxyl of glycerol is a phosphate group.
- Lack polarity and is strongly hydrophobic.
- Phospholipids form liposomes in which phospholipid molecules form a double layer in a large spherical structure.
- Lipids are insoluble biomolecules defined by an overall lack of polarity for solubility in water-based solutions.
- Lipids play vital roles in many cellular processes.
- Energy Storage
- Structural Support
- Protection
- Communication
- Waxes
- Contain two monomers of a fatty acid and an alcohol.
- Waxes provide protective barriers to prevent water loss and to protect cells.
- They protect seeds and nutrients inside plant fruits and coat the surface of plant leaves (waxy cuticle) to prevent water loss.
- Bees synthesize beeswax honeycombs for storing food and protecting offspring.
- Waxes prevent dehydration from body surfaces of insects and repel water on the surface of feathers and some animal furs.
- Steroids
- Class of lipids containing 4 fused carbon rings.
- Steroid molecules do not contain a fatty acid chain.
- Usually contain one or a few functional groups including: hydroxyls, carbonyls or carboxyls.
- Cholesterol and other steroids containing a hydroxyl group are called sterols.
- Found in animal cell membranes.
- Different type of steroids include:
- Steroid Hormones (Oestrogen, Testosterone) control reproductive processes.
- Bile Salts
- Fat-soluble vitamins.
- Anabolic steroids stimulate muscle growth and increase the development of secondary sex character-istics.
- Fatty Acids
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