Cell ultrastructure mindmap
- Created by: GAdams
- Created on: 26-03-16 09:44
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- Cell ultrastructure
- Prokaryote: No nucleus; double membrane; single chromosome; simple structure.
- Eukaryote: Nucleus; single or double membrane; multiple chromosomes; complex structure
- Golgi body: Produces secretory enzymes, packed into secretory vesicles; secretes carbohydrates; produces glycoprotein; transports and stores lipids; forms lysosomes.
- Nucleus
- Contains double membrane (nuclear envelope), nucleolus, nucloplasm, chromatin (floating chromosomes) and nuclear pores.
- Contains DNA for protein synthesis.
- Nucleolus synthesises ribosomal RNA for ribosomes.
- Mitochondria: Double membrane; inner membrane folds inwards to form cristae. Space between matrix is cristae.
- Respiration occurs in matric and inner membrane. ATP is produced. DNA and ribosomes are also contained for reproduction.
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- RER attached to nuclear membrane. Covered in ribosomes (hence 'rough'). Used for protein synthesis and transport. Pathway of RNA from nucleus to ribosomes.
- SER has no ribosomes (hence 'smooth') and is less uniformed in shape. Synthesises lipids and steroids.
- Lysosome
- Single membrane containing catabolic enzymes which are released into the cell if damaged.
- Chloroplast
- Carries out photosynthesis and contains starch, DNA and ribosomes.
- Contains stacks of thylakoids (fluid-filled discs). Stacks of thylakoids are known as 'grana'. Chlorophyll pigments are on the membrane of the thylakoids.
- Double membrane.
- Centrioles are found only in animal cells and are used for cell division.
- Vacuole: Rigidised the plant cell when turgid. Necessary for opening and closing stomata.
- Nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA and (70S) ribosomes.
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