Kidney Failure
- Created by: ebcrankomills
- Created on: 23-05-19 16:00
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- Kidney Failure
- Causes
- Kidney Infections: The Structure of the podocytes and tubules may be damaged
- Raised Blood Pressure: can cause damage to the epithelial cells and basement membrane of the Bowmans capsule
- Can cause protein in the urine- the podocytes and basement membrane no longer act as filters
- Can cause blood in the urine- shows that the filtering process is not working
- Genetic Conditions: e.g. polycstic kidney disease
- Effects
- Loss of electrolyte balance
- Build up of toxic urea in the blood
- High blood pressure
- Weakened bones
- Pain and stiffness in joints
- Anaemia
- Measuring GFR
- Glomerular Filtration Ratw (GFR)
- A blood test measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. It is a breakdown product of muscles
- If the lelvels of creatinine go up it shows tjat the kidneys aren't working properly
- GFR decreases with age even if you are healthy,
- Men usually have more muscle mass and mno9re creatinine than women.
- Haemodialysis
- Blood leaves patients body throguh an artery it then flows into the dialysis machine
- In the dialysis machine it flows between partially permeable dialysis membranes.
- The membranes mimic the basement membrane of the bowmans capsule
- Dialysis fluid is on the other side of the memrbane
- During dialysis patients must lose excess urea and mineral ions but not important substances.
- the loss of these is prevented by monitoring the dialysis fluid so there is no net movemnet of glucose out for example Th
- There should be no concentration gradient for suseful substances between the blood and dialysis fluid.
- Blood and dialysis fluid move in opposite directions to maintain a counter-current exchange system
- No active transport it purely depends on how steep the concentration gradients are
- External
- Peritoneal Dialysis
- Internal
- Makes use of the peritoneum an
- Dialysis fluid is introduced into the abdomen using a catheter before it is left for several hours.
- Fluid is eventually drained off and discarded it leaves the blood balanced again.
- Urea and excess mineral ions are removed
- Transplant
- Single healthy kidney is placed in the body
- Blood vessels are joined and ureter of the new kidney is inserted into the bladder
- High risk of rejection as the antigens on the donor organ differ to those on the cells of the recipient
- To minimise this the kidney and donor are matched as much as possible
- The recipient is given immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their lives
- Transplanted organ do not last forever
- Causes
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