AQA GCSE Biology Unit 1 1.1 Keeping healthy part 2- Defense against disease
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- Created on: 14-05-16 10:35
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- Keeping Healthy- Defense against disease
- PATHOGENS- Microorganisms that cause infectious disease e.g bacteria and viruses
- They prevent our cells from working properly
- May make us ill by producing poisons called toxins
- Pass from person to person through...
- The air (coughs and sneezes)
- Contaminated food and drink
- An infected person touching someone else
- Disease- a condition that prevents the body from working normally
- Diseases that are caused by viruses (small bacteria that cannot be treated by antibiotics as they live and reproduce inside the body's cells)
- Flu- High temperatures
- Measles- similar to chicken pox
- Polio- effects muscles so they cant contract
- Aids- transferred through sex, siliva and blood
- Diseases that are caused by viruses (small bacteria that cannot be treated by antibiotics as they live and reproduce inside the body's cells)
- Keeping things sterile
- Antiseptics- Chemicals that are used to clean wonds or get rid of sores e.g nappy rash
- Disinfectants- chemicals used to clean surfaces
- Required when investigating disinfectants and antibiotics
- Petri dishes and culture media are sterilized- to kill unwanted microorganisms
- Heat an inoculating loop. Dip in bacteria. Spread on agar. Sellotape dish shut.
- Incubate at 20*C-25*C
- Prevents the growth of harmful pathogens
- Industries use higher temperatures for more rapid growth
- Incubate at 20*C-25*C
- Heat an inoculating loop. Dip in bacteria. Spread on agar. Sellotape dish shut.
- Petri dishes and culture media are sterilized- to kill unwanted microorganisms
- Required when investigating disinfectants and antibiotics
- Sterile environment
- Required when investigating disinfectants and antibiotics
- Petri dishes and culture media are sterilized- to kill unwanted microorganisms
- Heat an inoculating loop. Dip in bacteria. Spread on agar. Sellotape dish shut.
- Incubate at 20*C-25*C
- Prevents the growth of harmful pathogens
- Industries use higher temperatures for more rapid growth
- Incubate at 20*C-25*C
- Heat an inoculating loop. Dip in bacteria. Spread on agar. Sellotape dish shut.
- Petri dishes and culture media are sterilized- to kill unwanted microorganisms
- Required when investigating disinfectants and antibiotics
- First defense
- Skin- prevents pathogens from entering the body
- Saliva
- Tears
- gastric juice
- Kill pathogens
- Sweat
- Saliva
- Tears
- Kill pathogens
- Sweat
- Immune system
- Phagocytes
- 'engulf' bacteria that enter the body. They release enzymes that digest and destroy them
- Immunity
- Antibodies that remain in the body gives protection against that particular pathogen
- When attacked by the same pathogen in the future, the specific white blood cells recognise the pathogen and produce the right antibodies quicker before they affect the body
- Treating diseases
- Vaccines
- Injecting or swallowing a small amount of dead or weak pathogen
- Doesnt make you ill but causes whiteblood cells to produce antibodies specific to the pathogen
- Immunity
- Antibodies that remain in the body gives protection against that particular pathogen
- When attacked by the same pathogen in the future, the specific white blood cells recognise the pathogen and produce the right antibodies quicker before they affect the body
- Treating diseases
- Vaccines
- Injecting or swallowing a small amount of dead or weak pathogen
- Doesnt make you ill but causes whiteblood cells to produce antibodies specific to the pathogen
- Reduce risk of epidemics or pandemics
- e.g MMR, treats Measles, Mumps and rubella
- Antibiotics e.g penicillin
- cure diseases caused by bacteria
- when used, non-resistant bacteria are killed but a small number of resistant bacteria remains and reproduce. Giving diseases resistant to antibiotics (SUPER BUGS) e.g MRSA
- Require more antibiotics
- Aren't used for non-serious infections
- Vaccines
- Antibodies that remain in the body gives protection against that particular pathogen
- Immunity
- Reduce risk of epidemics or pandemics
- e.g MMR, treats Measles, Mumps and rubella
- Antibiotics e.g penicillin
- cure diseases caused by bacteria
- when used, non-resistant bacteria are killed but a small number of resistant bacteria remains and reproduce. Giving diseases resistant to antibiotics (SUPER BUGS) e.g MRSA
- Require more antibiotics
- Aren't used for non-serious infections
- Vaccines
- Antibodies that remain in the body gives protection against that particular pathogen
- produce antitoxins conteract toxins
- Phagocytes
- PATHOGENS- Microorganisms that cause infectious disease e.g bacteria and viruses
- Some medicines, relieve symptoms but not the pathogens
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