Developmental: weeks 7 + 8 : Attachment

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What does AAI stand for?
Adult Attachment Interview
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What did Main et al believe it was possible to alter when formal operational thinking had been achieved?
Internal working models
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What is the AAI used for?
to measure attachment in adolescents and adults
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What type of interview is AAI?
Semi structured
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What does AAI technique focus on?
probing childhood experience memories
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What 4 main attachments have been yielded from AAI?
Autonomous, Dismissive, Enmeshed, Unresolved
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What are autonomous attachments, as suggested by Main et al.
Objective and Open to recall of childhood memories
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What are Dismissive attachments, as suggested by Main et al.
Dismissive of attachment relationships as of little concern, value or influence.
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What are Enmeshed attachments, as suggested by Main et al?
Preoccupied with dependency on parents, whilst still actively struggling to please.
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What are Unresolved attachments, as suggested by Main et al?
Trauma / early death of attachment figure where as an adult they still haven't come to terms with this.
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What did Ijzendoorn and Bakermans-Kranenburg, find in their meta analysis about people from lower socioeconmoic status's using AAI?
They are more Dismissive.
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What did Ijzendoorn and Bakermans-Kranenburg, find in their meta analysis about clinical patients using AAI?
They are both enmeshed and dismissive.
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In Vaughns (1979) study using Strange situations, what aged infants did they use?
12 - 18 months
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When negative changes had occurred, what did mothers report in Vaughns Strange Situations study ?
Infants had changed from secure to insecure.
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When positive changes had occurred, what did mothers report in Vaughns Strange Situations study ?
Infants had changed from insecure to secure.
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How did Walters find strange situation as a prediction of AAI?
Weakly correlated to predictions of AAI types.
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What did the weak correlations of the secure attachment type in strange situations to AAI?
Secure correlated (weakly/ moreover ) to Autonomous.
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What did the weak correlations of the Avoidant attachment type in strange situations to AAI?
Avoidant correlated (weakly/ moreover) to Dismissive
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What did the weak correlations of the Resistant attachment type in strange situations to AAI?
Resistant correlated (weakly/ moreover) to Enmeshed.
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What did Waters find about attachment stability over time?
There was a weak correlation between strange situation attachment types of AAI attachment types.
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What did Main et al, find about attachment stability over generations?
That there was a link between AAI and **.
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What did Ijzendoorn term/ argued , Mains correlations for attachment stability over generations between ** and AAI?
Intergenational Transmission
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What did Ijenzoorn mean by 'intergenational transmission'?
The link between AAI and ** was due to parental responsiveness and sensitivity (continuous secures)
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How do earned secures come about?
Reflective Self Summit
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How does a reflective self summit create earned secures?
They change their internal working model to the attachment relationship they want with their children.
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What age range did Solomon and George find evidence of continuity in attachment?
12 months - 6 years
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What did Bar Heim et al find about stability of attachment when assessing infants via ** at 14, 24 and 58 months?
Significant continuity at 14 - 24 months, discontinuity occurred at 58 months.
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How long was the longitudinal study by Waters that found ** predicted Adult attachments?
20 years
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What did Waters 20 year longitudinal study find about **?
It predicted adult attachments
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What was Bowlby's Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis inspired by?
The needs of refugee/ homeless children, separated in the aftermath of WW11
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How many new born monkeys did Harlow use in his research?
8
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How many days in Harlows Rhesus monkeys spend in their condition?
165 days
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What were institutionalised children worse in, compared to continuous foster care infants?
Attention and emotional disturbance.
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In Tizard et als, residential nursery study, how many children did he study?
65
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What three groups of children did Tizard in his Residential Nursery study focus on?
2) Adopted between 2 and 4 years of age.
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What was the main issue with the residential nurseries Tizard et al studied?
High staff turnover.
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In Tizard et als study what age were the children assessed?
4, 8 and 16 years of age
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What was the outcome for group 2 in Tizards Residential Nursery study?
had better reading scores, higher IQ scores and formed secure attachments.
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Which group had insecure attachments when analysed in Tizards Residential Nursery observation?
Group 3: Remained in nursery
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Why did the Koluchova twins spend 11 months in a children's home before being adopted?
Their mother died.
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What age were the Koluchova twins discovered?
age 7
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How long was Genie severely neglected?
From 2 till age 13
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How much did Genie weigh when she was found?
59 lbs
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How tall was Genie when she was found?
4 ft 6 inch
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What abilities did Genie have?
Good spatial reasoning and perception.
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What abilities did Genie lack?
Motor development, language skills and toilet abilities.
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What is deprivation consensus?
Deprivation effects can be reversed, especially by positive reinforcement.
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What type of study did the NICHD do?
Longitudinal
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What does the NICHD stand for?
National Institute of Child Health and Development
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How many children did NICHD longitudinal study involve?
1356
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At the first report by 2 years what was the NICHD's findings?
There was more insecure attachment for boys with long poor quality daycare.
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What did NICHD find about cognitive and language developments of children in day care?
High quality day care = high academic achievement up till age 11.
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What did NICHD find about social development in daycare?
High quantity of day care = more disobedient children.
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How did Lewis and Lamb measure fathers involvement with children?
Via (1) engagement, (2) accessibility, (3) responsibility.
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What did Lewis find about fathers?
They did more childcare when the mother also worked and felt more marginalised.
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What is the difference between authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles?
Authoritative: strict with willingness to help. Authoritarian: strict and not open to discussion.
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Which child rearing style is relaxed?
Permissive
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Disorganized infant attachment has been found to be:
related to frightened or frightening behaviour by the mother
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Studies with the AAI show that...
clinical patients are less autonomous than non-patients
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Authoritative parents...
have ideas about behaviour and discipline that they are willing to explain and discuss with children
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Research on gay or lesbian parents indicates that:
children raised by female same-sex couples did not differ from others in victimization at school
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What did Main et al believe it was possible to alter when formal operational thinking had been achieved?

Back

Internal working models

Card 3

Front

What is the AAI used for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What type of interview is AAI?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does AAI technique focus on?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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