Godden & Baddeley - Cue-Dependency Theory study
- Created by: individdy0410
- Created on: 21-03-16 16:25
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- Godden & Baddeley (1975) "context-dependent memory in two natural environments- on land and under water"
- Procedure
- 18 participants were recruited from a university diving club in Scotland - 13 male and 5 female
- The 18 participants were divided into 4 groups and all participants took part in all 4 conditions, 1 per day - repeated measures design
- All participants used their own SCUBA equipment and the field experiment was carried out over 4 days
- 4 conditions
- 1) learn on land and recall on land (dry/dry)
- 2) learn under water and recall under water (wet/wet)
- 3) learn on land and recall underwater (dry/wet)
- 4) learn underwater and recall onland
- IV - whether the learning and recall was the same or different & the DV - number of correctly recalled words
- 1) the participants listened to the words on land or 20ft under water
- Underwater, divers were weighted so they could sit on the bottom
- On land, the divers sat at the water's edge with their SCUBA equipment on but without their breathing masks on
- 2) a different word list was used for each condition, wall lists consisting of 36 unrelated words, 2-3 syllables long, that were selected at random from a word book
- The word lists were recorded onto tapes and the divers wore Diver Underwater Communication devices, enabling them to hear the tape recorded words and instructions
- 3) the words were presented in blocks of 3 with a 4 second gap in between each block
- Allowed the participant to breathe air using the breathing apparatus which is very noisy and would have otherwise hampered their ability to hear the words
- 4) the word lists were each presented twice - after the 2nd presentation there was a 4 minute gap and an interference task where they heard 15 numbers that they had to write down
- 5) participants were then given 2 minutes to write down as many words as they could remember using a pencil and a plastic covered board
- 18 participants were recruited from a university diving club in Scotland - 13 male and 5 female
- Aims
- To investigate the effect of environmental encoding cues on the ability to recall
- To investigate the role of context cues and test cue-dependency theory
- Recall will be better if it takes place in the same environment as learning
- Conclusions
- The results do in fact support the claims of cue-dependency theory
- They demonstrated that cues from the environment do aid memory
- Forgetting occurs when there is a lack of the same cues in the environment at recall
- Results
- Words learnt and recalled in the same environment were better remembered
- The mean number of correctly recalled words in the dry condition was 13.5 when learnt in the dry condition
- The mean number of correctly recalled words in the dry condition was 8.5 when learnt in the wet condition
- The mean number of correctly recalled words in the wet condition was 8.6 when learnt in the dry condition
- The mean number of correctly recalled words in the wet condition was 11.4 when learnt in the wet condition
- The mean number of words recalled was much lower when the learning and recall environment were different
- Procedure
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