9. Goal setting
- Created by: Amy Parkinson
- Created on: 19-04-15 14:16
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- Goal setting
- Goal setting can develop positive self-perception and reduce anxiety
- The correct use of goal setting can facilitate optimal performance
- LOCK & LATHAM
- Goal setting influences performance in 4 ways:
- 1. it directs attention onto a required task or strategy
- 2. it increases effort
- 3. it improves persistence when a task becomes difficult or failure is experienced
- 4. participant becomes increasingly motivated to learn and apply different approaches to learning in order to complete task
- Goal setting influences performance in 4 ways:
- Goals are not automatically effective
- In order to set goals effectively the SMARTER principles should be applied
- Specific: to the task, individual, sport...
- Measurable: measured against previous performance
- Accepted: agreed by coach and performer
- Realistic: challenging but attainable
- Timed: time limit to achieve goal, short, intermediate or long term goals
- Exciting: challenge offsets possibility of boredom
- Recorded: progress towards goal should be written in a log to increase motivation
- Types of goals:
- Time-based
- short-term
- medium-term
- long-term
- Activity-based
- performance
- process
- product
- Time-based
- Time-based goals
- Long-term
- An ultimate aim
- E.g getting selected by the county netball squad
- Major changes in behaviour cannot be achieved immediately through the pursuit of long-term goals
- May appear daunting causing increases in anxiety
- A long-term goal on its own does not improve performance
- Medium-term
- Occur during short-term goal sequence
- Improve access to long-term goals
- Endorse the effectiveness of short-term goasl
- Short-term
- Intend to give immediate success
- Completed in a sequence that become progressively more difficult
- Form a link between athlete's initial ability and long-term goal of achievement
- Can be useful in attainment of long-term goals
- JARVIS
- Research has found that these are the most effective goals
- Long-term
- Activity-based goals
- Product goals
- Total focus on these can create anxiety as athlete must win to achieve goal
- Involve defeating others
- Concerned with winning
- Focus on end result
- Often externally controlled
- Process goals
- Concerned with improving techniques
- Focus on bettering performance
- Performance goals
- Based on comparisons of current performance with previous performances
- These are measurable
- The most effective use of these goals is to set both performance and process goals. These give more control to individual
- Product goals
- All goals are more effective in competitive sport when formally set by a coach
- MARTENS
- Goals which determine exercise adherence should be set by the participant and ought to be flexible rather than fixed
- 'Do your best goals' are less effective than measurable goals
- Goals of 'moderate difficulty' lead to the production of best performance
- Easy goals lead to boredom
- Too hard goals lead to frustration
- BANDURA
- Goals when set correctly give the participant empowerment and control. He says this develops a greater sense of self-efficacy
- Product goals are not always detrimental. For every product goal there should be a number of performance and process goals
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