Global Poverty

Created by: natatalie
Created on: 30-12-15 15:40

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Global Poverty
- Being unable to afford basic things, such as safe drinking water, shelter, food, sanitation and education.
  - Anyone earning >$1.90 a day, is in extreme poverty
- World Distribution of Poverty
  - Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia have the most poverty
    - 40% people in ** Africa living in poverty
  - Comparing Burkina Faso and UK
    - GDP per Capita
      - BF: 1000
      - UK: 22 800
    - HDI
      - UK: 0.928
      - BF: 0.325
    - Birth Rate
      - BF: 45
      - UK: 12
- Indicators of Poverty
  - Composite
    - HDI (Human Development Index)
      - Rating between 1 and 0
        Norway 0.965
        
        Niger 0.311
    - PQLI (Physical Quality of Life Index)
    - Better because they take more into account
  - Demographic Indicators
    - Death Rate
    - Fertility Rate
    - Life Expectancy
  - Social Indicators
    - %urban Popualtion
    - Adult Literacy Rates
    - %with access to safe drinking water
  - Economic Indicators
    - GDP per Capita
    - % population living on >$1.90 a day
    - GNP per Capita
      - Extreme values can affect it
      - Informal economy wages aren't included
- Causes of Poverty
  - Economic Factors
    - Increase in price of grain
      - Increased farming of crops for biofuels since 2008
    - Unfair terms of trade
    - Unequal distribution of land
      - Land ownership concentrated in the hands of the rich
  - EnvironmentalFactors
    - Lack of access to fertile land, fresh water, minerals etc
    - Climate limits what crops can grow there
      - Climate Change
        Every degree of temp. increase, grain yields decline by 5%
    - Eroded soil and desertification caused by poor farming
      - 40% of the worlds agricultural land is seriously degraded
      - By 2025, if Africa's soil degradation continues, it will only be able to feed 25% of its population
    - Natural Disasters
      - Destroy property and crops
      - Reduce access to clean water
        Floods in Bangladesh in 1998 made 25 million homeless
        2 million tonnes of rice lost
      - Drought, flood, earthquakes, tropical storms
        Floods in Bangladesh in 1998 made 25 million homeless
        2 million tonnes of rice lost
        
        Earthquake Haiti - 70 000 still in tents 5 years later
  - All causes are complex and interrelated
  - Social and Political
    - Poor access to affordable healthcare
      - More vulnerable
    - Inadequate nutrition in childhood
    - Diseases such as HIV/AIDS and TB affect developing countries
      - Botswana
        Economy 1/3 smaller than it should have been by 2021
        Families need to pay for medicine, loss of income
    - Lack of democracy in poorer countries
    - Poor access to affordable education
    - Overpopulation
      - Strain on resources
    - War
      - Damage or destroy property
      - Gaza / Israel
        21% living in deep poverty
      - People flee their homes, many end up in refugee camps
        In 2014, 42000 people every day had to abandon their homes
      - Syria
        More than 11 million forced to leave home
        
        4/5 people living in poverty
- 836 million people still in extreme poverty
- Tackling Poverty
  - MDG's (Millennium Development Goals)
    - UN created 8 goals to reduce poverty
      - Maternal Care
      - Womens Rights
      - Universal Primary Education
      - Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
      - Global Partnerships
      - Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria etc
      - Reduce Child Mortality
      - Environmental Sustainability
    - The goals are SMART meaning they are more likely to be achieved
      - Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time.bound
    - On a 15 year time scale, ending in 2015
      - Compared with data from 1990
    - Was It Successful?
      - The MDG's were more successful in some countries than others
        Poorer countries were 'left behind' in some cases
      - Infant mortality halved between 1990 and 2013
      - HIV infections fell by 38% in 12 years
      - In a report released in 2015, many goals were either unlikely to be achieved or progress had been uneven across different regions
      - In Africa, the number of children with stunted growth due to malnutrition has increased between 1990 and 2010
      - Extreme poverty halved
  - SDG's (Sustainable Development Goals)
    - Started on 25th September 2015
      - To be achieved by 2030
    - Aims to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all
    - 17 goals, 169 targets
      - Goal 1 - No poverty
      - Goal 5 - Gender Equality
      - Goal 13 - Climate Action
      - More goals and targets mean they are less likely to be achieved
        It isn't as focused
    - Its expected that it will cost $2-3 trillion a year to reach the goals
  - NGO's Tackling Poverty
    - Use bottom-up schemes
      - Are often small scale, but tailored to a specific area
      - Better at raising living standards in poorer areas
    - Practical Action
      - Developed 'clean delivery kit' for Bangladesh, Nepal and Egypt
        Includes a small bar of soap, plastic sheet, string to tie off umbilical cord, pictorial instructions.
        Caters for lots of people
        
        Nepal packs contain a clean rupee, as it is considered good luck to cut the umbilical cord on a coin
        
        Effective, but still small scale compared to the methods of reducing poverty
      - Developed the 'donkey ploughs' in Sudan in the Darfur region
        Increased yield in the area
        
        Made from inexpensive metal, that is widely available to those living nearby
  - Bilateral Aid
    - Money sent from the government of one rich country directly to another poorer country
    - The UK send £250 million each year to Bangladesh
      - Constructed 14000 new schools
      - Lifted more than1/2 million out of extreme poverty

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Global Poverty

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