Genes and health

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  • Created by: hello1112
  • Created on: 03-01-17 12:35
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  • Genes & Health
    • Structure of the lungs
      • Trachea
        • Bronchus
          • Bronchiole
            • Alveoli
              • Large surface area
              • One cell thick walls
              • Concentration gradient
              • Good blood supply
    • Effects of CF
      • Lungs
        • Increased chance of infection
          • Microorganisms trapped in mucus cant be moved out
        • Sticky mucus
          • Decreases surface area
            • Decreases rate of gaseous exchange
              • Makes wall thicker
          • Makes wall thicker
      • Digestive system
        • Enzymes get trapped in mucus in pancreatic duct.
        • Diabetes can be caused by damage to insulin producing cells.
      • Reproductive system
        • Mucus can block the cervix
        • Sperm duct is either missing or blocked with mucus.
    • Proteins
      • Structre
        • (=)O
          • C
            • C
              • H
              • R-Group
        • Condensation reaction to join two amino acids
          • Peptide bond
        • Hydrolysis reaction to break the bond
          • Peptide bond
      • Amino Acids
        • Primary structre
          • Secondary structre
            • Tertiary structre
              • Bonding between the R-groups gives rise to a 3D stuctre
              • Quaternary structre
                • Some proteins have more than one polypeptide chain, each chain is held together in a precise structure.
            • H- bonding forms betwean the -COOH and the -NH2 of an adjacent amino acid
              • a - helix
                • Shape of an extended spring
                  • Hydrogen bond between every fourth amino acid
              • B - pleated sheet
          • The sequence of amino acids
      • Functions
        • Enzymes
          • Amylase
          • Catalysts for biological reactions
          • Most are proteins
          • End in -ase
            • Identifies a reacting substance
              • lipase - reacts lipids
            • describes function
              • oxidase - catalyses oxidation
          • Enzyme binds a substrate in the active site. Only certain substrates fit in the active site.
            • E+S - ES Complex - products released
          • Factors affecting enzyme action
            • Temperature
            • Substrate concentration
            • pH
        • transport
          • haemogobin
        • movementt
          • actin & myosin
        • cell recognition
          • antigens
        • channels
          • membrane proteins
        • structre
          • collagen & keratin
        • Hormones
          • insulin
        • protection
          • antibodies
    • DNA
  • Sticky mucus
    • Decreases surface area
      • Decreases rate of gaseous exchange
    • O-H
      • C
        • C
          • H
          • R-Group
    • Amino Group
    • Carboxyl Group

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