Gender Bias
- Created by: BenFudge
- Created on: 14-09-17 08:53
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- Gender Bias
- Androcentrism
- This is the centred focus on men, often the neglect or exclusion of women
- Alpha Bias
- A tendency to exaggerate differences between men and women. the consequence is that theories devalue one gender in comparison to the other
- Example from Freud: He believed that men were superior over women. In his alpha-bias theory, Freud viewed femininity as failed masculinity.
- He believed that women are inferior to men, because they are jealous of men's penises (penis envy), and because they cannot undergo the same Oedipus complex as boys do.
- As the superego develops from the Oedipus complex, women have a weaker identification with their mother.
- He believed that women are inferior to men, because they are jealous of men's penises (penis envy), and because they cannot undergo the same Oedipus complex as boys do.
- Beta Bias
- A tendency to ignore or minimise the differences between men and women. Believed that both genders are equal.
- Example from stress research: The flight or fight response - It was believed that what was true for males was true for females too. In stressful situation the flight or fight response was assumed to be universal.
- However, Taylor (2000) provided evidence that females produce a tend or befriend response at times of stress which is adaptive because it ensure the survival of their offspring.
- Universality
- The aim to develop theories that apply to all people, which may include real differences
- Evaluation
- Reverse Alpha Bias
- P - One way to counter androcentrism is to develop theories which show the differences between men and women but that emphasises the value of women
- E - This can be seen in feminist research.
- E - Research shows that women are better at learning because they are more attentive, flexible and organised (Cornwell et al. 2013).
- L - Therefore, this can prevent stereotypes from real life situations. For example, women are usually paid less, so this could overcome this flaw.
- E - Research shows that women are better at learning because they are more attentive, flexible and organised (Cornwell et al. 2013).
- E - This can be seen in feminist research.
- P - One way to counter androcentrism is to develop theories which show the differences between men and women but that emphasises the value of women
- Avoiding Beta Bias
- P - Beta bias can have some problems for women.
- E - Hare-Mustin and Marecek point out that arguing for eqaulity draws attention away from women's needs and the differences in power between both genders.
- E - In a society where one group holds most power, ignoring the bias can end up benefiting the groups with the power. For example, men have more dominance in the workplace.
- L - Therefore, by avoiding a beta bias, women may not be benefited and gender bias may carry on, rather than be prevented.
- E - In a society where one group holds most power, ignoring the bias can end up benefiting the groups with the power. For example, men have more dominance in the workplace.
- E - Hare-Mustin and Marecek point out that arguing for eqaulity draws attention away from women's needs and the differences in power between both genders.
- P - Beta bias can have some problems for women.
- Reverse Alpha Bias
- Androcentrism
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