Eye witness testimony - Effects of Anxiety

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  • Eyewitness Testimony: Effects of Anxiety
    • Anxiety: a state of emotional and physical arousal
      • Emotional- worried thoughts or feelings
      • Physical- increased heart rate, sweat
      • is a normal reaction but can affect the accuracy and detail of EWT
        • unsure if it is positive or negative
    • Anxiety is negative
      • anxiety stops us from paying attention to important cues so recall is worse
      • Johnson & Scott (1976)
        • people sit in a waiting room with a row going on next door
          • Low anxiety- man leaves with a pen and grease on his hands- this acts as a control
            • people picked out the man from 50 photos
              • low anxiety= 49%           high anxiety= 33%
                • shows tunnel theory: EW focus' on the weapon instead of the rest of a crime scene
          • high anxiety- people hear braking glass and a man leaves with a paper knife and blood on his hands
            • people picked out the man from 50 photos
              • low anxiety= 49%           high anxiety= 33%
                • shows tunnel theory: EW focus' on the weapon instead of the rest of a crime scene
    • Anxiety is positive
      • the stress triggers the fight of flight response, becoming more alert and aware of situational cues
      • Yuille & Cutshall (1986)
        • 13 witnesses to a real crime (shop owner shot a thief)
          • interviewed 5 months later ( which were compared with origional police statements
            • also asked about how stressed they were at the time and if they had any emotional problems since
              • the accuracy despite the time gap was very good.
                • people that said they were the most stressed were more accurate (88% vs 75%)
    • Reason for contradictory findings
      • Deffenbacher (1983) aplied Yerkes-Dodson Law
        • lower levels of anxiety produce lower levels of recall
          • the accuracy increases as the anxiety increases
            • after a certain point the recall decreases
              • too much stress wont help recall

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