Eye Witness Testimony
- Created by: Thunder1107
- Created on: 15-08-17 15:07
View mindmap
- Eye Witness Testimony
- The Cognitive Interview (CI)
- This is a policing technique for interviewing witnesses of a crime
- It encourages them to recreate the original context in their mind to allow for better recall
- There are four main sub techniques that are used in the interview
- Report everything
- Mental reinstatement
- Changing the order
- Change the perspective
- Kohnken et al (1999)
- Meta-analysis of 53 studies show a 34% increase in correct info given
- Milne and Ball (2002)
- Report everything+ mental reinstatement = better recall
- Individual differences
- Mello and Fisher (1996)
- CI makes a significant difference in older peoples recall
- Mello and Fisher (1996)
- Stein and Memon (2006)
- Compared normal interview and CI in Brazil
- CI increased amount of correct info and level of detail
- Compared normal interview and CI in Brazil
- Factors Affecting Accuracy
- Anxiety
- Christianson and Hubinette (1993)
- Questioned 58 witnesses to robberies
- P's who were threatened were more accurate in their recall and detail
- Anxiety may have a positive effect on memory
- The Yerkes-Dodson effect shows that we need a certain amount of emotional arousal to improve performance
- Christianson and Hubinette (1993)
- Weapon Focus Effect
- Johnson and Scott (1976)
- One condition involved a weapon and one did not
- In both conditions P's heard noise in the next room.
- Condition 1 a man emerged holding a pen with grease on it
- Condition 2 P's saw a man emerge with a paper knife covered in blood
- P's asked to identify man from 50 pics
- Condition 1 - 49% accurate
- Condition 2 - 33% accurate
- Johnson and Scott (1976)
- Post-event Discussion
- Memories can be contaminated by discussion with other witnesses
- Co-witnesses may reach a consensus on what happened
- Each time a witness is interviewed they may pick up cues from the interviewer
- The officer may using leading questions which can alter the witnesses memory
- Schema
- An original packet of information that stores our knowledge about the world
- Each schema contains stereotypes and expectations
- Prior experience will influence our perceptions
- Stereotypes can influence recall and thinking
- Anxiety
- The Cognitive Interview (CI)
Comments
No comments have yet been made