Evaporation and Condensation
- Created by: adelesimpson
- Created on: 21-04-16 17:22
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- Evaporation and Condensation
- When a liquid evaporates particles escape from its surface to become a gas
- When a gas condenses particles slow down and come close enough together to form a liquid
- Evaporation from a beaker
- Particles near the surface are travelling fast enough and in the right direction overcome the attractive force of other water particles and escape from the surface
- The fastest particles are more likely to escape leaving the slower ones behind
- The lower the average kinetic energy of the remaining particles causes the temperature of water to fall
- Condensation onto glass window
- Water vapour comes into contact with the cold glass surface
- The gas particles lose kinetic energy to the glass and slow down
- The attractive forces between the gas particles are then strong enough to pull them closer together until they form a liquid
- Results in droplets of condensation forming on the surface of the glass which becomes slightly warmer
- Factors affecting the rate of evaporation
- Increasing the temperature gives particles more energy
- Increasing the surface area brings more particles near to the surface to escape
- Increasing the amount of air flow removes particles that have already evaporated - lowers the concentration of particles, increasing evaporation rate
- Less dense liquids have higher evaporation rates as particles are further apart so forces of attraction between them are weaker
- Factors affecting rate of condensation
- Lowering the temperature reduces the amount of energy causing particles to slow down so attractive forces join together forming a liquid
- Decreasing the amount of airflow increases the concentration of particles brining them closer together - attractive forces are the causing more condensation
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