Ethnicity, crime & justice
- Created by: WignallRose
- Created on: 27-05-17 17:18
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- Ethnicity, crime and justice
- Ethnicity and criminalisation
- Blacks make up 3% of the pop. but 13.1% of the prison pop.
- Stats tell us about the involvement of crime, not who is more likely to commit
- Victim surveys used, but not very reliable (memory, personal, exclusive)
- Graham & Bowling = blacks (43%) and whites (44%) (self report)
- Stats & victim surveys show higher rates for blacks (?)
- Members of ethnic minority groups are more likely to be stopped and searched
- Reasons = police racism (institutional),ethnic differences in offending, demographic factors
- 2014/15 = arrests for black 3 times whites
- CPS more likely to drop a case as evidence presented weaker (Bowling & Philips)
- Hudson & Bramhal = pre-sentence reports by probation officers allows for discrim.
- Blacks and Asians more likely to have longer sentences
- Explaining the differences in offending
- Left R. = ethnic differences in stats reflect real differences (Lea & Young)
- Racism led to marginalisation, economic exclusions = delinquent subcultures as cannot deal with relative deprivation
- Acknowledge police can be racist, but doesn't explain all
- Arrests of blacks (dangerous) and asians (passive) differ due to different stereotypes
- Neo-Marxism = outcome of social construction that blacks are inherently criminal (Gilroy, myth)
- Hall = the myth of black mugging served as a distraction from crisis of capitalism (unemployment)
- Downes & Rock = inconsistent with black street crime rising and unemployment rising, LR is realistic
- Fitzgerald = neighbours Sharpe & Budd = easy to identity
- Left R. = ethnic differences in stats reflect real differences (Lea & Young)
- Ethnicity and victimisation
- Racist victimisation occurs when someone is selected as a target due to their race etc.
- Info. comes from victim surveys = racist incidents, racially aggravated offences
- Police recorded 54,000 racist incidents in Eng. & Wales (2014) mostly damage to property or verbal
- Risk of being a victim differs by ethnic groups (may be due to other factors too)
- Stats don't capture the victims experiences of it (Sampson & Philips = ongoing)
- Responses = active in responding due to underproduction by police who ignore racist dimensions
- Macpherson Enquiry = Lawrence 'marred by a combination of professional incompetent, institutional racism and a failure of leadership
- Ethnicity and criminalisation
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