English Society in the reign of henry VIII
- Created by: Becca Newman
- Created on: 12-06-19 09:37
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- English Society in the reign of Henry VIII
- Elites
- Nobility
- Peerage increased during Henry's reign - due to successful royal service or a close family relationship
- Duke of Norfolk (restored to his father's title) + Duke of Suffolk (close relationship w/ the King) were the only 2 new Duke's created
- Henry did reward nobles with land + so they could assert their authority in places
- Duke of Norfolk (restored to his father's title) + Duke of Suffolk (close relationship w/ the King) were the only 2 new Duke's created
- Nobles had to have big households + offer hospitality + have a local influence
- 1521 the Duke of Buckingham was executed for treason + more were executed for treason
- Peerage increased during Henry's reign - due to successful royal service or a close family relationship
- The Gentry
- 1540 - about 5000 gentry families
- 1524 - 200 Knightly families
- Knighthoods were granted as royal favour + Knights had to have an income to match it
- 1524 - 200 Knightly families
- Number of gentry increased during Henry's reign
- Legal training was popular for sons of the gentry - for roles of social advancement
- 1540 - about 5000 gentry families
- Nobility
- Regional issues
- Wales
- Before 1536 Wales was a separate territory from England but was under English control
- Laws in Wales Act of 1536
- Divided Wales into shire counties like in England
- Gave Welsh shires representation in the House of Commons
- Gave Wales the same legal framework as England
- Control of Wales came down to aristocracy
- Laws in Wales Act of 1536
- Before 1536 Wales was a separate territory from England but was under English control
- The English Palatinates
- Lancashire, Cheshire + Durham were palatinates
- They were separated jurisdictions from the rest of England
- Lancashire + Cheshire had fallen back into royal hands - but Durham was still separate
- 1536 Act resuming liberties to the Crown reduced level of independence of the Bishop but didn't destroy it
- Lancashire + Cheshire had fallen back into royal hands - but Durham was still separate
- They were separated jurisdictions from the rest of England
- Lancashire, Cheshire + Durham were palatinates
- Border Administration
- Anglo-Welsh Border
- The council of Wales and the Marches had control of Wales + it's 4 bordering counties (Shropshire, Herefordshire,Worcestershire and Gloucestershire)
- Cheap and local access to law - a benefit to the area
- The council of Wales and the Marches had control of Wales + it's 4 bordering counties (Shropshire, Herefordshire,Worcestershire and Gloucestershire)
- Anglo-Scottish Border
- It was remote + had a reputation for lawlessness - difficult to police
- Scotland was split into 3 marches - each policed by a warden
- Appointing a noble could lead to exploitation of the post
- Gentry or complete outsiders would have complete loyalty to the King
- But they would have limited ability to influence
- Gentry or complete outsiders would have complete loyalty to the King
- Appointing a noble could lead to exploitation of the post
- Scotland was split into 3 marches - each policed by a warden
- It was remote + had a reputation for lawlessness - difficult to police
- Anglo-Welsh Border
- Council in the North
- North posed problems of governance from London
- 1536 Pilgrimage of Grace showed these issues
- Henry + Cromwell re-established a permanent council in the North - kept the North quiet
- Wales
- Religion
- There were occasional complaints about the Church - but most were satisfied
- 1530s break from Rome was welcomed by a minority of people
- 1536 - began dissolving the monasteries + 1536 royal injunctions attacked Catholic traditions
- A huge amount of land was removed from the Church by the crown
- By 1547 nearly 2/3 of church land had been sold of granted away
- Monastic schools + their educational provision were lost
- Monks + nun were made unemployed. Some monks got positions as priests or pensions - nuns were helpless
- Monasteries played a large role in their communities
- Rebellions
- The Amicable Grant 1525
- North essex + South Suffolk saw the most resistance
- 1000 people gathered at the Essex-Suffolk border in refusal to pay
- Unemployed cloth workers couldn't pay the tax
- Dukes handled the matter + the King backed down
- Wolesy begged Henry to issue a formal apology to those people
- North essex + South Suffolk saw the most resistance
- The Lincolnshire Rising and the Pilgrimage of Grace
- Causes
- Religious
- Dissolution of the Monasteries
- loss of charitable + educational functions
- loss of monastic properties which could lead to an impoverished North
- loss of charitable + educational functions
- Fear for parish churches + religious practices
- celebration sof local saints had been discouraged
- Discouragement of pilgrimage
- Rumours that Church plate and jewels would be confiscated
- Discouragement of pilgrimage
- celebration sof local saints had been discouraged
- Dissolution of the Monasteries
- Secular
- Normal people were influenced by taxation
- Crown's attempts to impose the Duke of Suffolk on Lincolnshire sparked outrage
- Brought on by courtly conspiracy - to get Mary as an heir
- Religious
- Causes
- Suppression of the rebellions
- Lincolnshire rebellion quickly collapsed faced with the Duke of Suffolk's forces
- Northern rebels occupied York + Hull + captured Pontefract castle
- Duke of Norfolk was sent - he was outnumbered - tried to diffuse the rebellion by issue of pardon
- Most of the rebel forces dispersed
- In 1537 the rebellion was renewed in Cumberland and East Riding
- Duke of norfolk quickly shut down the rebellion + declared martial law + hung 74 rebels
- In 1537 the rebellion was renewed in Cumberland and East Riding
- Most of the rebel forces dispersed
- Duke of Norfolk was sent - he was outnumbered - tried to diffuse the rebellion by issue of pardon
- Pilgrimage of Grace shook henry - Duke of Norfolk showed sense
- The Amicable Grant 1525
- Commoners
- Rising inflation lead to a drop in incomes
- Vast majority of the population had little possessions + little chance of regular income/employment
- Elites
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