Elizabethan Society in the Age of Exploration, 1558-1588
- Created by: ash8642
- Created on: 22-04-18 10:12
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- Elizabethan Society in the Age of Exploration
- Education
- Early education given at home
- Children went to Sunday School from age 6
- Boys taught simple work skills
- Girls helped with household activities
- Nobel households would have a private tutor
- Petty Schools provided a basic education
- Often run by the local priest
- Taught reading, writing, and maths
- Mainly boys, with a few girls
- Increase in the number of Grammar Schools
- 100 new schools set up
- Mostly boys - upper and middle classes
- Some scholarships for bright boys in poor backgrounds
- Started around age 7
- Studies focused on Latin and classic literature
- Number of university students increased
- Uni courses conducted almost entirely in Latin
- Sports, Pastimes, and the Theatre
- Elizabeth's courtiers often hunted
- The Queen liked to do hawking
- Courtiers were expected to be skilled at fencing
- Tennis and bowls became popular among the rich
- The working-class had little time for leisure
- Worked 6 days a week
- Church on a Sunday
- Football was popular
- Often played between villages
- Very few rules
- Often ended violently
- Working-class like gambling on blood sports
- Cockfighting
- Bull/bear-baiting
- Theatre became increasingly popular
- No permanent theatres - travelling companies
- First theatres build in 1570s
- Appealed to rich and poor
- Elizabeth often had plays performed in her court
- Poverty
- Population and prices
- Population growth of 35%
- Towns and cities quickly grew
- People needed food but didn't grow it in cities
- Bad harvests = price rises
- Production was slower than population increase
- Grain prices rose quickest
- More people wanted work = cheaper labour
- Wages were cut
- Agriculture
- Value and rent
- Higher demand for land = higher rent
- Entry fee went up
- Evicted if unable to pay
- Enclosure
- Large fields replaced with smaller field + owner
- Improved farming techniques
- Made arable farming easier
- Labourers suffered
- Common land taken + divided
- Sheep Farming
- Wool + woolen cloth = 81.6% of export
- Price of wool increased with demand
- Sheep farming = profitable
- Large-scale business
- Took land used for crops / common land
- Not a lot of labour = unemployed
- Crops grown for animals
- Value and rent
- Three categories of poor
- Helpless - unable to support themselves
- Deserving - wanted to work but couldn't find jobs
- Undeserving - beggars, criminals, those who refused to work, vagabonds
- 1563 Statute of Artificers
- Ensure poor relief was collected
- Imprisioned if refused to pay poor rates
- Officials failing to organise poor relief fined £20
- 1572 Vagabonds Act
- Deter vagrancy
- Vagrants to be whipped + hold drilled in ear
- 2nd arrest = imprisioned, 3rd arrest = death penalty
- Established poor rate
- Register of poor
- 1576 Poor Relief
- Distinguish able-bodied from impotent
- Provide able-bodied with raw materials
- Refued to work when given job = house of correction
- Population and prices
- Exploration and Discovery
- English didn't take an interest until 1560s
- Navigate with a sea astrolabe
- Navigate with position of stars and sun
- 1570s, log and line
- Estimate speed more accurately
- Improvements in map-making
- More detailed and reliable
- 1550s, became difficult to trade through Antwerp
- Merchants began looking for new routes to Europe, or further afield
- Queen encouraged long-distance trade and privateering
- Establishing colonies encouraged
- Wealth of Americas attracted English sailors
- Merchants keen to develop trade with Asia
- Looked for route that avoided Venetian middlemen
- East India Company set up in 1600 to trade with Asia
- 1577-1580, Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe
- Drake was sent to explore South America's coast
- He raided Spanish colonies and treasure ships
- Drake was knighted on his return
- Raleigh and Virginia
- England had claimed territory in North America
- Attempts at colonisation failed
- Elizabeth gave Raleigh permission to explore and colonise
- Raleigh brought back two natives after fact-finding mission in Roanoke
- Manteo and Wanchese
- 5 ships and 108 settlers set sail for Virginia a year later
- Grenville hadn't returned with suppiles for colony, who were running low
- Most planters returned with Drake to England
- Third expedition (1587) found Roanoke deserted
- Thought that planters had been killed by natives
- 100 more planters settle and attempt colonisation
- Supply ships in 1590 find Roanoke deserted again
- Planters never found
- Why colonisation failed
- Delayed supply ships
- Not enough supplies taken
- Difficult to grow food in Roanoke
- Initial exploration was inadequate
- Project was poorly organised
- Raleigh only had limited funds
- England had claimed territory in North America
- Education
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